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首页> 外文期刊>European Journal of Translational Myology >Dynamic expression of proteoglycans during skeletal muscle development
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Dynamic expression of proteoglycans during skeletal muscle development

机译：骨骼肌发育过程中蛋白聚糖的动态表达

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Proteoglycans are glycoconjugates composed of a core protein and covalently attached glycosaminoglycans. Skeletal muscle produces a number of different types of proteoglycans, and, importantly, the types of proteoglycans made by skeletal muscle vary during muscle development. At early stages of muscle development, large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans of the PG-M/versican type are produced both in culture and in vivo. Localization both by autoradiography of radiolabeled material and by immunohistochemistry indicates that the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are deposited in a pericellular region around the muscle cells. Although biosynthesis of these molecules is not detected in mature skeletal muscle, their synthesis is re-initiated during regeneration, which suggests a requirement for these molecules in some early aspect of muscle development. At later stages of muscle development, small dermatan sulfate proteoglycans are synthesized. One of the major types of dermatan sulfate proteoglycans in skeletal muscle is decorin, which can bind to collagen and affect fibril formation. Decorin is initially localized in the fibrous connective tissue areas of skeletal muscle, but eventually, at later stages of muscle development, is also found in proximity to the myotubes. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are also present in skeletal muscle, and among these are molecules of the syndecan, glypican, and perlecan types. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are significant because of their involvement in signal transduction of growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor. Evidence indicates that heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a role in the stimulation of myoblast proliferation by fibroblast growth factor. The exact roles played by other proteoglycans in muscle development are unclear at present. However, proteoglycans have the ability to affect cell adhesion and migration, processes which are important in muscle development. Because of this, it is likely that the changing patterns of proteoglycan biosynthesis during muscle development are part of and, indeed, influence the orchestrated cellular interactions which are essential for proper muscle formation.
机译：蛋白聚糖是由核心蛋白和共价连接的糖胺聚糖组成的糖缀合物。骨骼肌产生许多不同类型的蛋白聚糖，重要的是，骨骼肌产生的蛋白聚糖的类型在肌肉发育过程中会发生变化。在肌肉发育的早期阶段，在培养和体内均会产生大的PG-M / versican型硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖。通过放射标记材料的放射自显影和通过免疫组织化学的定位均表明硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖沉积在肌肉细胞周围的细胞周围区域中。尽管在成熟的骨骼肌中未检测到这些分子的生物合成，但它们的合成在再生过程中重新开始，这表明在肌肉发育的某些早期阶段需要这些分子。在肌肉发育的后期，合成了小的硫酸皮肤素蛋白聚糖。骨骼肌中硫酸皮肤素蛋白聚糖的主要类型之一是decorin，它可以结合胶原蛋白并影响原纤维的形成。 Decorin最初位于骨骼肌的纤维结缔组织区域，但最终，在肌肉发育的后期，在肌管附近也发现了Decorin。硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖也存在于骨骼肌中，其中有多聚糖，多聚糖和全珠蛋白类型的分子。硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖很重要，因为它们参与了生长因子（如成纤维细胞生长因子）的信号转导。有证据表明硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖在通过成纤维细胞生长因子刺激成肌细胞增殖中起作用。目前尚不清楚其他蛋白聚糖在肌肉发育中所起的确切作用。然而，蛋白聚糖具有影响细胞粘附和迁移的能力，这对肌肉发育很重要。因此，很可能在肌肉发育过程中蛋白聚糖生物合成方式的改变是其组成的一部分，并且实际上影响着精心安排的细胞相互作用，这对于正确的肌肉形成至关重要。

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