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To NIPT or Not to NIPT

机译:去NIPT还是不去NIPT

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After the discovery by Lejeune et al. in 1959 that patients with ‘mongolism’, i.e. Down syndrome, had 3 instead of 2 copies of chromosome 21, a surge of karyotyping resulted in the identification of an aberrant chromosome number as the cause of numerous genetic disorders [Lejeune et al., 1959; Lejeune and Turpin, 1961]. By culturing cells from amniotic fluid samples and subsequent karyotyping, trisomies 21, 18, 13, and other numerical aberrations were readily ascertained during the second trimester of pregnancy [Schwarz, 1975]. In 21 European countries, surveys over the past 20 years of karyotyping pregnancies in women aged 35+ have shown a prevalence per 10,000 births of 22.0 (95% CI = 21.7-22.4) for trisomy 21, 5.0 (95% CI = 4.8-5.1) for trisomy 18, and 2.0 (95% CI = 1.9-2.2) for trisomy 13 [Loane et al., 2013]. Since amniotic fluid sampling may increase the risk of a miscarriage, this procedure is only performed on pregnancies which are deemed to be ‘at risk’ [Morris et al., 2012]. The discovery of fetal reticulocytes and of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in peripheral blood samples of pregnant women suggested novel ways to circumvent the risk of a miscarriage associated with an amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling (CVS) [Herzenberg et al., 1979; Thomas et al., 1995; Lo et al., 1999].
机译:在Lejeune等人发现之后。 1959年,患有“蒙古症”(即唐氏综合症)的患者拥有21条染色体的3个拷贝,而不是2个拷贝,核型分析的激增导致识别出异常的染色体数是导致众多遗传疾病的原因[Lejeune等,1959年; Lejeune和Turpin,1961年]。通过从羊水样本中培养细胞并进行随后的核型分析,在妊娠中期可以很容易地确定三体性21、18、13和其他数字畸变[Schwarz,1975]。在21个欧洲国家/地区中,过去20年对35岁以上女性进行核型分型妊娠的调查显示,三分体21、5.0(95%CI = 4.8-5.1)的每10,000例分娩的患病率为22.0(95%CI = 21.7-22.4)。 )(针对18号三体)和2.0(95%CI = 1.9-2.2)针对13号三体[Loane et al。,2013]。由于羊水取样可能会增加流产的风险,因此仅在被认为“有风险”的怀孕时才执行此程序[Morris等,2012]。孕妇外周血中胎儿网织红细胞和无细胞胎儿DNA(cffDNA)的发现提出了新的方法来规避与羊膜穿刺术或绒毛膜绒毛取样(CVS)相关的流产风险[Herzenberg等,1979年;托马斯等,1995。 Lo等,1999]。

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