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Effects of forest fragmentation on the morphological and genetic structure of a dispersal-limited, endangered bird species

机译：森林破碎对有限分布，濒危鸟类物种形态和遗传结构的影响

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Throughout the tropics, pristine forests disappear at an alarming pace. This presents a severe threat to forest-dependent species. Especially dispersal-limited understory birds are affected by forest loss. We here explored the effects of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure and the morphology of the Ecuadorian Tapaculo (Scytalopusrobbinsi). This bird occurs only in a small range in the premontane cloud forests of southwestern Ecuador. The global population size is declining rapidly due to habitat loss and is currently estimated at only 3000 mature individuals. We caught a total of 28 Ecuadorian Tapaculos in forests of varying size in an area of about 40 km???2. From each bird, we took morphological measurements and a blood sample. This was used to develop a set of 10 species-specific microsatellite primers for genetic analysis and we found that the Ecuadorian Tapaculos display high levels of genetic diversity. Additionally, we identified dispersal corridors for the species across the landscape using a least-cost path analysis. Notably, we found that wing shape is related to forest size. Individuals in smaller fragments show adaptations of the wing morphology to enhanced mobility and better flight capacity. Our results suggest that the Ecuadorian Tapaculo may rapidly adapt its morphology to the level of habitat fragmentation. This potential can possibly mitigate the risk of local extinctions of the species due to human-caused forest loss and fragmentation.
机译：在整个热带地区，原始森林以惊人的速度消失。这对依赖森林的物种构成了严重威胁。尤其是散布受限的林下鸟类受到森林流失的影响。我们在这里探讨了生境破碎化对厄瓜多尔塔帕库洛（Scytalopusrobbinsi）的遗传结构和形态的影响。这只鸟只在厄瓜多尔西南部的山前云雾森林中少量繁殖。由于栖息地的丧失，全球人口规模正在迅速减少，目前估计只有3000个成熟个体。我们在约40公里的不同面积森林中共捕获了28个厄瓜多尔Tapaculos ??? 2。从每只鸟中，我们进行了形态学测量和血样。这被用来开发一套10种特定于物种的微卫星引物，用于遗传分析，我们发现厄瓜多尔Tapaculos显示出高水平的遗传多样性。此外，我们使用成本最低的路径分析方法确定了整个物种的扩散走廊。值得注意的是，我们发现机翼形状与森林大小有关。较小碎片的个体显示出机翼形态的适应性，以增强机动性和更好的飞行能力。我们的结果表明，厄瓜多尔Tapaculo可能会迅速使其形态适应生境破碎化的水平。这种潜力可能会减轻由于人为造成的森林丧失和破碎造成的物种局部灭绝的风险。

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