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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Avian Biology >The genetic effects of forest fragmentation on five species of Amazonian birds
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The genetic effects of forest fragmentation on five species of Amazonian birds

机译：森林破碎对五种亚马逊鸟类的遗传影响

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Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of mtDNA were used to assess genetic structure at two geographic scales for five species of Neotropical forest-understory birds. At the local scale (in northeastern Bolivia), I studied populations of each species from six sites within 200 kin of one another. At this scale, I studied the effects of forest fragmentation on mtDNA genetic structure: three sites were in natural forest fragments separated by cerrado (savanna), and three sites were in continuous forest. Genetic variation did not appear to have be-en lost in the forest fragment populations of any species, However, for three antbirds (Thamnophilidae), patterns of haplotype distributions suggest fragmentation affected genetic structure in an unusual way. For these species, numerically dominant haplotypes in forest fragments did not occur in continuous forest, v whereas predominant haplotypes in continuous forest are widespread (occurring in fragments and continuous forest). These results suggest that forest fragmentation on a local geographic scale can affect genetic differentiation even in birds, a group that is considered to disperse well, The two other taxa studied were a woodcreeper (Dendrocolaptidae) and a tyrant-flycatcher (Tyrannidae). These two taxa did not show genetic effects of forest fragmentation, but they possessed notably different numbers of haplotypes per total individuals surveyed. The woodcreeper had few haplotypes (5 in 58 individuals), whereas the flycatcher had many (31 in 34 individuals). The numbers of haplotypes per individuals surveyed for the three antbirds were intermediate. Such variable levels of polymorphism can greatly influence analyses of genetic structure, At the regional geographic scale (across southwestern Amazonia). the flycatcher exhibited lower levels of differentiation than the other taxa, Levels of estimated sequence divergence within the other four taxa are similar to levels of differentiation between species from other avian studies, suggesting that genetic diversity is underestimated by current species-level taxonomy in these birds.
机译：mtDNA的限制性片段长度多态性被用来评估两种地理尺度上五种新热带林下鸟类的遗传结构。在局部范围（在玻利维亚东北部），我研究了彼此之间200亲属内六个地点的每种物种的种群。在这个规模上，我研究了森林破碎对mtDNA遗传结构的影响：三个地点位于被塞拉多（savanna）隔开的天然森林碎片中，三个地点位于连续森林中。遗传变异似乎没有在任何物种的森林碎片种群中消失，但是，对于三只蚂蚁（Thamnophilidae），单倍型分布的模式表明碎片以异常的方式影响了遗传结构。对于这些物种，连续森林中没有出现森林碎片中数量占优势的单倍型，v，而连续森林中的主要单倍型却很普遍（发生在碎片和连续森林中）。这些结果表明，即使在鸟类中，森林的局部破碎化也可能影响其遗传分化，而鸟类被认为是分布良好的。另外两个被研究的分类群是wood夫（Dendrocolaptidae）和蝇（Tyrannidae）。这两个分类单元没有显示出森林碎片化的遗传效应，但是每个被调查个体的单倍型数目却明显不同。爬山虎的单体型很少（58个个体中有5个），而捕蝇器则有很多（34个个体中有31个）。对三个蚂蚁进行调查的每个人的单倍型数量是中等的。这种可变水平的多态性可以极大地影响遗传结构的分析，在区域地理范围内（横跨亚马逊西南地区）。捕蝇器的分化水平低于其他分类单元。其他四个分类单元中的估计序列差异水平与其他鸟类研究的物种之间的分化水平相似，这表明遗传多样性被这些鸟类当前的物种水平分类法低估了。

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