Early warning systems (EWSs) are increasingly applied as preventive measureswithin an integrated risk management approach for natural hazards. Atpresent, common standards and detailed guidelines for the evaluation oftheir effectiveness are lacking. To support decision-makers in theidentification of optimal risk mitigation measures, a three-step frameworkapproach for the evaluation of EWSs is presented. The effectiveness iscalculated in function of the technical and the inherent reliability of theEWS. The framework is applicable to automated and non-automated EWSs andcombinations thereof. To address the specifics and needs of a wide varietyof EWS designs, a classification of EWSs is provided, which focuses on thedegree of automations encountered in varying EWSs. The framework and itsimplementation are illustrated through a series of example applications ofEWS in an alpine environment.
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