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Flexible and dynamic nucleosome fiber in living mammalian cells

机译：活哺乳动物细胞中的柔性和动态核小体纤维

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Genomic DNA is organized three dimensionally within cells as chromatin and is searched and read by various proteins by an unknown mechanism; this mediates diverse cell functions. Recently, several pieces of evidence, including our cryomicroscopy and synchrotron X-ray scattering analyses, have demonstrated that chromatin consists of irregularly folded nucleosome fibers without a 30-nm chromatin fiber (i.e., a polymer melt-like structure). This melt-like structure implies a less physically constrained and locally more dynamic state, which may be crucial for protein factors to scan genomic DNA. Using a combined approach of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, Monte Carlo computer simulations, and single nucleosome imaging, we demonstrated the flexible and dynamic nature of the nucleosome fiber in living mammalian cells. We observed local nucleosome fluctuation (~50 nm movement per 30 ms) caused by Brownian motion. Our in vivo-in silico results suggest that local nucleosome dynamics facilitate chromatin accessibility and play a critical role in the scanning of genome information.
机译：基因组DNA在细胞内三维组织为染色质，并通过未知机制被各种蛋白质搜索和读取。这介导了多种细胞功能。最近，包括我们的低温显微镜检查和同步加速器X射线散射分析在内的几项证据表明，染色质由不规则折叠的核小体纤维组成，而没有30nm的染色质纤维（即聚合物熔体样结构）。这种类似熔体的结构暗示着较少的物理约束和局部更多的动态状态，这对于蛋白质因子扫描基因组DNA可能至关重要。使用荧光相关光谱，蒙特卡洛计算机模拟和单核小体成像的组合方法，我们证明了活体哺乳动物细胞中核小体纤维的柔性和动态性质。我们观察到由布朗运动引起的局部核小体波动（每30 ms约50 nm运动）。我们在体内的计算机模拟结果表明，局部核小体动力学促进了染色质的可及性，并且在基因组信息的扫描中起着至关重要的作用。

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