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Histone variants and sensing of chromatin functional states

机译：组蛋白变体和染色质功能状态检测

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An extreme case of chromatin remodelling is the genome-wide exchange of histones with basic non-histone DNA-packaging proteins that occurs in post-meiotic male germ cells. The scale of this genome reorganization is such that chromatin needs to undergo a prior “preparation” for a facilitated action of the factors involved. Stage-specific incorporation of specialized histone variants, affecting large domains of chromatin, combined with histone post-translational modifications accompany the successive steps of the male genome reorganization. Recently, it has been shown that a testis-specific H2B variant, TH2B, one of the first identified core histone variants, replaces H2B at the time of cells’ commitment into meiotic divisions and contributes to the process of global histone removal. These investigations also revealed a previously unknown histone dosage compensation mechanism that also ensures a functional interconnection between histone variant expression and histone post-translational modifications and will be further discussed here.
机译：染色质重塑的一个极端情况是组蛋白与减数分裂后雄性生殖细胞中发生的基本非组蛋白DNA包装蛋白的全基因组交换。这种基因组重组的规模使得染色质需要进行事先的“准备”以促进所涉及因素的作用。特定阶段的组蛋白掺入会影响染色质的大结构域，并结合组蛋白翻译后修饰，伴随着雄性基因组重组的后续步骤。最近发现，睾丸特异的H2B变体TH2B是最早鉴定出的核心组蛋白变体之一，在细胞进入减数分裂分裂时取代了H2B，并促进了整体组蛋白的去除过程。这些研究还揭示了以前未知的组蛋白剂量补偿机制，该机制还确保了组蛋白变体表达与组蛋白翻译后修饰之间的功能互连，在此将作进一步讨论。

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