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Dynamic regulation of nuclear architecture and mechanics—a rheostatic role for the nucleus in tailoring cellular mechanosensitivity

机译：动态调节核结构和力学-核在调节细胞机械敏感性中的变阻作用

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Nuclear architecture, a function of both chromatin and nucleoskeleton structure, is known to change with stem cell differentiation and differs between various somatic cell types. These changes in nuclear architecture are associated with the regulation of gene expression and genome function in a cell-type specific manner. Biophysical stimuli are known effectors of differentiation and also elicit stimuli-specific changes in nuclear architecture. This occurs via the process of mechanotransduction whereby extracellular mechanical forces activate several well characterized signaling cascades of cytoplasmic origin, and potentially some recently elucidated signaling cascades originating in the nucleus. Recent work has demonstrated changes in nuclear mechanics both with pluripotency state in embryonic stem cells, and with differentiation progression in adult mesenchymal stem cells. This review explores the interplay between cytoplasmic and nuclear mechanosensitivity, highlighting a role for the nucleus as a rheostat in tuning the cellular mechano-response.
机译：已知核结构既是染色质又是核骨架结构的功能，但随着干细胞分化而变化，并且在各种体细胞类型之间也不同。核结构的这些变化以细胞类型特异性方式与基因表达和基因组功能的调节有关。生物物理刺激是已知的分化效应物，并且还引起核结构中刺激特异性的改变。这是通过机械转导过程发生的，其中，细胞外机械力激活了几个特征明确的细胞质起源的信号级联，并且潜在地有一些最近被阐明的起源于细胞核的信号级联。最近的研究表明，胚胎干细胞的多能状态和成年间充质干细胞的分化进程均会改变核力学。这篇综述探讨了细胞质和核机械敏感性之间的相互作用，强调了核作为变阻剂在调节细胞机械反应中的作用。

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