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首页> 外文期刊>Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems >Optimization of Ginkgo biloba cultivation technology in open soil conditions
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Optimization of Ginkgo biloba cultivation technology in open soil conditions

机译：开放土壤条件下银杏栽培技术的优化

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In recent years, interest in cultivating Ginkgo biloba L. as a medicinal plant has grown in Ukraine, and improvement of the technology of growing this plant in the conditions of the North-East of Ukraine is a relevant problem. The purpose of this article to present research on the morphological structure, growth and viability of young G. biloba plants in grown from seeds by different technologies and comparative analysis of growth and development of G. biloba plants under greenhouse conditions and on open soil. The experiment on G. biloba cultivation was initiated in 2014 in three variants (the plants were grown from the seeds). Variant No 1: G. biloba growing in a greenhouse at 60–80% humidity and temperatures not below +27 oС; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting. Variant No 2: growing in open soil; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting; the climatic conditions were typical for Sumy region. Variant No 3: growing in open soil; there was no shading; climatic conditions were typical for the Sumy region. Plant analysis was conducted in June 2018. The following morphometric parameters of G. biloba plants were measured: plant height, annual growth of shoots, number of leaves, leaf size and leaf area, phytomass of the shoots, phytomass of leaves and phytomass of the stem, diameter of the shoots. The sampling used 60 samples. The leaf area was determined by the method of drawing contours on millimeter paper. Statistical processing of research results was carried out by generally accepted modern methods of mathematical statistics using dispersion, correlation, regression and vital analysis. In the conditions of the Ukrainian North East, G. biloba seedlings can be grown successfully in greenhouses and open soil, both with 60% shade by agronetting and without it. Differences between the plants grown in such conditions are insignificant and statistically unreliable. The obtained three to four year old G. biloba seedlings grown using different technologies were 25–30 cm in height and formed 13–17 leaves per plant. The seedlings were of quite high viability (Q is 0.22–0.30) and morphostructural integrity (67.8%). The output of viable seedlings (vital classes “a” and “b”) in variant 1 was 60%, variant 2 45% and variant 3 60%. Ecological-cenotic stability of G. biloba was observed repeatedly, though certain limitations on G. biloba cultivation may be that the plant is photophilic and thermophilic. But the conducted experiments show that the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian North-East are quite favourable for this species. Based on the data obtained for the Ukrainian North-East, it is possible to recommend the technology of growing G. biloba seedlings in open soil without agronetting as quite effective and low-cost.
机译：近年来，在乌克兰培养出将银杏作为药用植物的兴趣，并且在乌克兰东北部条件下对该植物的生长技术的改进是一个相关问题。本文旨在介绍通过不同技术从种子中生长的年轻银杏植物的形态结构，生长和活力，并在温室条件下和在开放的土壤上对银杏植物的生长和发育进行比较分析。银杏种植实验于2014年启动，采用了三种变体（植物从种子中生长）。变体1：银杏叶在温室中生长，湿度为60-80％，温度不低于+27oС;绿色农网遮阴（遮阴度为60％）。变体2：生长在开放的土壤中;通过绿色农网遮阴（遮阴度为60％）;苏梅地区的气候条件是典型的。变体3：在开放的土壤中生长;没有阴影;苏梅地区的气候条件是典型的。于2018年6月进行了植物分析。测量了银杏植物的以下形态参数：植物高度，枝条的年生长量，叶片数，叶大小和叶面积，枝条的茎，叶的茎和茎的茎茎，芽的直径。采样使用了60个样本。叶面积是通过在毫米纸上绘制轮廓的方法确定的。研究结果的统计处理是通过使用分散，相关，回归和生命分析的公认的现代数学统计方法进行的。在乌克兰东北部的条件下，G。biloba幼苗可以成功地在温室和裸露的土壤中生长，无论是通过农网进行遮荫还是没有遮荫，均可达到60％。在这种条件下生长的植物之间的差异不明显，统计上也不可靠。使用不同技术获得的三到四岁的银杏幼苗高度为25–30 cm，每棵植物形成13–17片叶子。幼苗具有很高的活力（Q为0.22-0.30）和形态结构完整性（67.8％）。变体1的有活力幼苗（关键类别“ a”和“ b”）的产量为60％，变体2为45％，变体3为60％。反复观察到了银杏的生态环境稳定性，尽管对银杏种植的某些限制可能是因为该植物具有亲光性和嗜热性。但是进行的实验表明，乌克兰东北部的气候条件对该物种非常有利。根据从乌克兰东北部获得的数据，可以推荐一种在无土壤耕作的裸露土壤中生长银杏幼苗的技术，该技术相当有效且成本低廉。

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