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Comparative preimplantation genetic diagnosis policy in Europe and the USA and its implications for reproductive tourism

机译：欧洲和美国的比较植入前遗传学诊断政策及其对生殖旅游的影响

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Unlike many European nations, the USA has no regulations concerning the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), a technique employed during some fertility treatments to select embryos based on their genes. As such, PGD can and is used for a variety of controversial purposes, including sex selection, selection for children with disabilities such as deafness, and selection for ‘saviour siblings’ who can serve as tissue donors for sick relatives. The lack of regulation, which is due to particular features of the US political and economic landscape, has ethical and practical implications for patients seeking PGD around the world. This paper contrasts the absence of PGD oversight in the USA with existing PGD policies in Switzerland, Italy, France and the UK. The primary reasons why PGD is not regulated in the USA are addressed, with consideration of factors such as funding for assisted reproductive technology treatmemt and the proximity of PGD to the contentious abortion debate. The obstacles that would need to be overcome in the USA for PGD to be regulated in the future are outlined. Then, the significance of the current divergence in PGD policy for patients around the world are discussed. Regulatory differences create opportunities for reproductive tourism, which result in legal, health and moral challenges. The paper concludes with comments on the need for policymakers around the world to balance respect for the characters and constitutions of their individual countries with appreciation of the needs of infertile patients across the globe.
机译：与许多欧洲国家不同，美国没有关于使用植入前遗传学诊断（PGD）的法规，PGD是在某些生育治疗过程中根据其基因选择胚胎的技术。因此，PGD可以并且有多种争议性用途，包括性别选择，为聋哑等残疾儿童进行选择以及为可以作为患病亲属的组织捐赠者的“救助兄弟姐妹”进行选择。由于美国政治和经济形势的特殊特征，缺乏监管对在全球寻求PGD的患者具有伦理和实践意义。本文将美国缺乏PGD监管与瑞士，意大利，法国和英国的现有PGD政策进行了对比。解决了为什么在美国不对PGD进行监管的主要原因，并考虑了诸如辅助生殖技术治疗的资金以及PGD与有争议的堕胎辩论的距离等因素。概述了在美国将来要规范PGD所需要克服的障碍。然后，讨论了当前PGD政策分歧对全球患者的意义。监管差异为生殖旅游创造了机会，从而带来了法律，健康和道德挑战。本文最后评论说，世界各地的决策者需要平衡对各自国家的特征和宪法的尊重，同时还要意识到全球不育患者的需求。

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