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Explaining Support for Sectarian Terrorism in Pakistan: Piety, Maslak and Sharia

机译：解释对巴基斯坦宗派恐怖主义的支持：虔诚，马斯拉克和伊斯兰教义

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In the discourse around sectarian violence in Pakistan, two concerns are prominent. The first is the contention that piety, or the intensity of Muslim religious practice, predicts support for sectarian and other forms of Islamist violence. The second is the belief that personal preferences for some forms of sharia also explain such support. As I describe herein, scholars first articulated these concerns in the “clash of civilizations” thesis. Subsequent researchers developed them further in the scholarly and policy analytical literatures that explored these linkages through qualitative and quantitative methodologies. I revisit these claims in the particular context of sectarian violence in Pakistan. To do so, I use several questions included in a recent and large national survey of Pakistanis to create indices of both piety and support for three dimensions of sharia. I use these indices as explanatory variables, along with other explanatory and control variables, in a regression analysis of support for sectarian violence, the dependent variable. I find that the piety index and dimensions of sharia support are significant only when district fixed effects are excluded; however, personal characteristics (i.e., the particular school of Islam respondents espouse, ethnicity, several demographics) most consistently predict support for sectarian violence.
机译：在巴基斯坦有关宗派暴力的讨论中，有两个问题令人关注。首先是争论，即虔诚或穆斯林宗教实践的强度预示着对宗派和其他形式的伊斯兰暴力的支持。第二个信念是，个人偏爱某种形式的伊斯兰教法也可以解释这种支持。正如我在此描述的，学者们首先在“文明冲突”论文中阐明了这些关切。随后的研究人员在学术和政策分析文献中进一步发展了它们，这些文献通过定性和定量方法探讨了这些联系。我在巴基斯坦宗派暴力的特定背景下重新审视这些主张。为此，我使用了一项最近对巴基斯坦人进行的大规模全国调查所包含的几个问题，以建立虔诚和支持伊斯兰教法三个维度的指数。在对宗派暴力（因变量）的支持回归分析中，我将这些指数与其他解释性和控制性变量一起用作解释性变量。我发现，只有在排除地区固定影响的情况下，虔诚指数和伊斯兰教义支持的规模才有意义。但是，个人特征（即伊斯兰教受访者所支持的特定学校，种族，几个人口统计学特征）最一致地预测了对宗派暴力的支持。

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