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首页> 外文期刊>Reviews of Reproduction >Regulation of spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal and spermatocyte meiosis by Sertoli cell signaling
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Regulation of spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal and spermatocyte meiosis by Sertoli cell signaling

机译：睾丸支持细胞信号调节精原干细胞自我更新和精母细胞减数分裂

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摘要

Spermatogenesis is a continuous and productive process supported by the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), which arise from undifferentiated precursors known as gonocytes and are strictly controlled in a special ‘niche’ microenvironment in the seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells, the only somatic cell type in the tubules, directly interact with SSCs to control their proliferation and differentiation through the secretion of specific factors. Spermatocyte meiosis is another key step of spermatogenesis, which is regulated by Sertoli cells on the luminal side of the blood–testis barrier through paracrine signaling. In this review, we mainly focus on the role of Sertoli cells in the regulation of SSC self-renewal and spermatocyte meiosis, with particular emphasis on paracrine and endocrine-mediated signaling pathways. Sertoli cell growth factors, such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), as well as Sertoli cell transcription factors, such as ETS variant 5 (ERM; also known as ETV5), nociceptin, neuregulin 1 (NRG1), and androgen receptor (AR), have been identified as the most important upstream factors that regulate SSC self-renewal and spermatocyte meiosis. Other transcription factors and signaling pathways (GDNF–RET–GFRA1 signaling, FGF2–MAP2K1 signaling, CXCL12–CXCR4 signaling, CCL9–CCR1 signaling, FSH–nociceptin/OPRL1, retinoic acid/FSH–NRG/ERBB4, and AR/RB–ARID4A/ARID4B) are also addressed.
机译：精子发生是一个连续的生产过程，受精原干细胞（SSCs）的自我更新和分化的支持，这些精子干细胞来自未分化的前体，称为角质细胞，并在生精小管的特殊“生境”微环境中受到严格控制。 Sertoli细胞是肾小管中唯一的体细胞类型，可以直接与SSC相互作用，通过分泌特定因子来控制其增殖和分化。精母细胞减数分裂是精子发生的另一个关键步骤，它通过旁分泌信号在血-睾丸屏障腔侧的支持细胞调节。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注Sertoli细胞在SSC自我更新和精母细胞减数分裂调控中的作用，尤其着重于旁分泌和内分泌介导的信号通路。 Sertoli细胞生长因子，例如神经胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）和成纤维细胞生长因子2（FGF2），以及Sertoli细胞转录因子，例如ETS变体5（ERM;也称为ETV5），伤害感受素，神经调节蛋白1（NRG1）和雄激素受体（AR）已被确定为调节SSC自我更新和精母细胞减数分裂的最重要上游因子。其他转录因子和信号转导途径（GDNF–RET–GFRA1信号，FGF2-MAP2K1信号，CXCL12–CXCR4信号，CCL9–CCR1信号，FSH–伤害受体/ OPRL1，视黄酸/ FSH–NRG / ERBB4和AR / RB–ARID4A / ARID4B）。

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