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Role of androgens in normal and pathological ovarian function

机译：雄激素在正常和病理性卵巢功能中的作用

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Androgens mediate their actions via the androgen receptor (AR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. AR-mediated androgen action is essential in male reproductive development and function; however, only in the last decade has the suspected but unproven role for AR-mediated actions in female reproduction been firmly established. Deciphering the specific roles and precise pathways by which AR-mediated actions regulate ovarian function has been hindered by confusion on how to interpret results from pharmacological studies using androgens that can be converted into oestrogens, which exert actions via the oestrogen receptors. The generation and analysis of global and cell-specific female Ar knockout mouse models have deduced a role for AR-mediated actions in regulating ovarian function, maintaining female fertility, and have begun to unravel the mechanisms by which AR-mediated androgen actions regulate follicle health, development and ovulation. Furthermore, observational findings from human studies and animal models provide substantial evidence to support a role for AR-mediated effects not only in normal ovarian function but also in the development of the frequent ovarian pathological disorder, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This review focuses on combining the findings from observational studies in humans, pharmacological studies and animal models to reveal the roles of AR-mediated actions in normal and pathological ovarian function. Together these findings will enable us to begin understanding the important roles of AR actions in the regulation of female fertility and ovarian ageing, as well as providing insights into the role of AR actions in the androgen-associated reproductive disorder PCOS.
机译：雄激素通过核受体超家族成员雄激素受体（AR）介导其作用。 AR介导的雄激素作用对于男性生殖发育和功能至关重要;然而，仅在最近十年中，AR介导的行为在女性生殖中的可疑但未经证实的作用才被牢固确立。关于如何解释使用雄激素的药理研究结果的困惑，阻碍了AR介导的作用调节卵巢功能的具体作用和精确途径，而雄激素可以转化为雌激素，并通过雌激素受体发挥作用。整体和特定于细胞的雌性Ar基因敲除小鼠模型的产生和分析已经推论了AR介导的作用在调节卵巢功能，维持女性生育力中的作用，并开始阐明AR介导的雄激素作用调节卵泡健康的机制。 ，发育和排卵。此外，来自人体研究和动物模型的观察结果提供了重要的证据，以支持AR介导的作用不仅在正常的卵巢功能中，而且在常见的卵巢病理性疾病多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的发生中也起作用。这篇综述着重于结合人类观察研究，药理研究和动物模型的发现，揭示AR介导的作用在正常和病理性卵巢功能中的作用。这些发现将使我们能够开始理解AR作用在调节女性生育力和卵巢衰老中的重要作用，并提供AR作用在雄激素相关生殖疾病PCOS中的作用的见解。

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