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The role of water, ice nucleators, and inoculation in insect cold survival

机译：水，冰成核剂和接种物在昆虫低温生存中的作用

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Abstract: Over the past century and especially the last few decades a significant progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the capacity of insects and other ectothermic animals to survive at subzero temperatures. Although we now understand relatively well the complexity of the cold tolerance phenomenon, from the molecular to the ecological level, some aspects remain elusive. This review summarizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of cold tolerance and focuses on the three following issues that remain unsolved in this field: 1) the role of water in preservation of biological structures in organisms that exploit dehydration as a part of their cold survival strategy, 2) the cause of ice nucleation in freeze-intolerant organisms below the temperature range of the activity of ice nucleating proteins and above the temperature of homogeneous nucleation of water, and 3) the capacity of some primarily freeze-intolerant insects to tolerate freezing upon inoculation with ice at high subzero temperatures.
机译：摘要：在过去的一个世纪中，尤其是在最近的几十年中，我们对昆虫和其他电热动物在零度以下温度下生存的机制的理解有了重大进展。尽管我们现在已经相对充分地了解了耐寒性现象的复杂性，但从分子水平到生态水平，仍有某些方面难以捉摸。这篇综述总结了有关耐寒性机制的最新知识，并着重介绍了该领域尚未解决的以下三个问题：1）水在利用脱水作为其低温生存策略一部分的生物体的生物结构保护中的作用， 2）低于冰成核蛋白活性的温度范围且高于水的均匀成核温度的冷冻不耐受生物中的冰成核原因，以及3）一些主要耐冷冻的昆虫在接种时耐受冷冻的能力在零下高温下结冰。

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