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首页> 外文期刊>San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science >Ecosystem-scale Selenium Model for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Regional Ecosystem Restoration Implementation Plan
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Ecosystem-scale Selenium Model for the San Francisco Bay-Delta Regional Ecosystem Restoration Implementation Plan

机译：旧金山湾三角洲区域生态系统恢复实施计划的生态系统级硒模型

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Environmental restoration, regulatory protections, and competing interests for water are changing the balance of selenium (Se) discharges to the San Francisco Bay–Delta Estuary (Bay–Delta). The model for Se described here as part of the Delta Regional Ecosystem Restoration Implementation Plan (DRERIP) draws both from the current state of knowledge of the Bay–Delta and of environmental Se science. It is an ecosystem-scale methodology that is a conceptual and quantitative tool to (1) evaluate implications of Se contamination; (2) better understand protection for fish and aquatic-dependent wildlife; and (3) help evaluate future restoration actions. The model builds from five basic principles that determine ecological risks from Se in aquatic environments: (1) dissolved Se transformation to particulate material Se, which is partly driven by the chemical species of dissolved Se, sets dynamics at the base of the food web; (2) diet drives bioavailability of Se to animals; (3) bioaccumulation differs widely among invertebrates, but not necessarily among fish; (4) ecological risks differ among food webs and predator species; and (5) risk for each predator is driven by a combination of exposures via their specific food web and the species’ inherent sensitivity to Se toxicity. Spatially and temporally matched data sets across media (i.e., water, suspended particulate material, prey, and predator) are needed for initiating modeling and for providing ecologically consistent predictions. The methodology, applied site-specifically to the Bay–Delta, includes use of (1) salinity-specific partitioning factors based on empirical estuary data to quantify the effects of dissolved speciation and phase transformation; (2) species-specific dietary biodynamics to quantify foodweb bioaccumulation; and (3) habitat use and life-cycle data for Bay–Delta predator species to illustrate exposure. Model outcomes show that the north Bay–Delta functions as an efficient biomagnifier of Se in benthic food webs, with the greatest risks to predaceous benthivores occurring under low flow conditions. Improving the characterization of ecological risks from Se in the Bay–Delta will require modernization of the Se database and continuing integration of biogeochemical, ecological, and hydrological dynamics into the model.
机译：环境修复，监管保护和水资源竞争利益正在改变向旧金山湾-三角洲河口（Bay-Delta）排放的硒（Se）的平衡。这里描述的硒模型是三角洲地区生态系统恢复实施计划（DRERIP）的一部分，它借鉴了海湾三角洲的当前知识水平和环境硒科学知识。它是一种生态系统规模的方法，是一种概念和定量工具，可用于（1）评估硒污染的影响; （2）更好地了解对鱼类和水生野生生物的保护; （3）帮助评估未来的恢复措施。该模型基于确定水生环境中硒的生态风险的五项基本原则：（1）溶解硒向颗粒材料硒的转化（部分由溶解硒的化学种类驱动）在食物网的基础上设置了动力学; （2）饮食驱动硒对动物的生物利用度; （3）无脊椎动物的生物蓄积差异很大，但鱼类之间却不一定。 （4）食物链和捕食物种之间的生态风险有所不同; （5）每个捕食者的风险是由其特定食物网的暴露以及该物种对硒毒性的内在敏感性共同造成的。跨媒体（即水，悬浮颗粒物，猎物和捕食者）的时空匹配数据集对于启动建模和提供生态一致的预测是必需的。该方法专门针对海湾三角洲，包括（1）基于经验河口数据的盐度特定分区因子，以量化溶解形态和相变的影响; （2）特定物种的饮食生物动力学来量化食物网的生物蓄积; （3）Bay-Delta捕食者物种的栖息地使用和生命周期数据，以说明暴露情况。模型结果表明，北部湾三角洲在底栖食物网中是硒的有效生物放大剂，在低流量条件下发生早食底栖杂食动物的风险最大。改善海湾三角洲中硒的生态风险的特征将需要对硒数据库进行现代化改造，并将生物地球化学，生态和水文动力学继续整合到模型中。

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