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Economic Costs and Adaptations for Alternative Regulations of California's Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta

机译：加利福尼亚萨克拉曼多-圣华金河三角洲替代法规的经济成本和调整

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Stacy K. Tanaka, Christina R. Connell–Buck, Kaveh Madani, Josue Medellín-Azuara, Jay R. Lund, and Ellen Hanak doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2014v9iss2art4 Water exports from California’s Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta are an environmental concern because they reduce net outflows of fresh water from the Delta, and can entrain fish and disrupt flows within the Delta. If exports were no longer pumped from within the Delta, the regulatory issue becomes one of maintaining appropriate flows into and out of the Delta. This paper presents the results of two sets of hydro-economic optimization modeling runs, which were developed to represent a range of modified Delta operations and their economic and operational effects on California’s water supply system. The first set of runs represents decreasing export capacity from the Delta. The second set increases minimum net Delta outflow (MNDO) requirements. The hydro-economic model seeks the least–cost statewide water management scheme for water supply, including a wide range of resources and water management options. Results show that reducing exports or increasing MNDO requirements increase annual average statewide water scarcity, scarcity costs, and operating costs (from greater use of desalination, wastewater recycling, water treatment, and pumping). Effects of reduced exports are especially concentrated in agricultural communities in the southern Central Valley because of their loss of access to overall water supply exports and their ability to transfer remaining water to southern California. Increased outflow requirements increase water scarcity and associated costs throughout California. For an equivalent amount of average Delta outflows, statewide costs increase more rapidly when exports alone are reduced than when minimum outflow requirements are increased and effects are more widely distributed statewide.
机译：斯塔西·塔纳卡（Stacy K. Tanaka），克里斯蒂娜·R·康纳尔（Christina R. –圣华金河三角洲是一个环境问题，因为它们减少了三角洲淡水的净流出，并可能夹带鱼类并破坏三角洲内的水流。如果不再从三角洲内部抽出口，则监管问题就成为维持适当的流入和流出三角洲的问题之一。本文介绍了两套水力经济优化模型运行的结果，这些结果是为了代表一系列经修改的三角洲运营及其对加利福尼亚供水系统的经济和运营影响而开发的。第一组运行代表了三角洲出口能力的下降。第二组增加了最低净Delta流出量（MNDO）要求。水力经济模型寻求全州范围内成本最低的水资源管理方案，其中包括各种资源和水资源管理方案。结果表明，减少出口或增加MNDO要求会增加全州范围内的年平均缺水量，稀缺成本和运营成本（由于更多地使用了脱盐，废水回收，水处理和抽水）。出口减少的影响尤其集中在中央山谷南部的农业社区，因为它们无法获得总的供水出口，并且无法将剩余的水转移到加利福尼亚南部。日益增加的排水需求增加了整个加利福尼亚州的水资源短缺和相关成本。对于等量的平均三角洲外流，当减少出口量时，州范围内的成本增加速度将比增加最低外流要求时，州范围内的成本增长更快。

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