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Potential mechanisms linking probiotics to diabetes: a narrative review of the literature

机译：益生菌与糖尿病相关的潜在机制：文献叙述

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Some studies have suggested a wide range of possible mechanisms through which probiotics may play a role in diabetes prevention and treatment. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We conducted this study to review the potential mechanisms suggested for the effect of probiotics in diabetes. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review conducted at the Food Security Research Center of Isfahan. METHODS: A search in the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google scholar was performed up to October 2016. RESULTS: The initial search yielded 1214 reports. After removing duplicates, 704 titles and abstracts were screened. Finally, out of 83 full-text articles that were reviewed for eligibility, 30 articles were included in the final analysis. The anti-diabetic mechanisms for probiotics reported encompass intraluminal and direct effects on the intestinal mucosa and microbiota (n = 13), anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects (n = 10), antioxidative effects (n = 5), effects on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and expression of genes involved in glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance (n = 6), with some studies pointing to more than one mechanism. CONCLUSION: The results may throw some light on the capacity of probiotics as a novel approach towards controlling diabetes. However, further human studies are warranted to elucidate and confirm the potential role of probiotics in diabetes prevention and treatment. Also, it needs to be ascertained whether the effectiveness of probiotics in diabetes prevention and treatment is dependent on the strain of the microorganisms.
机译：背景与目的：一些研究表明，益生菌可能通过多种可能的机制在糖尿病的预防和治疗中发挥作用。但是，尚未完全理解其基本机制。我们进行了这项研究，以审查提示益生菌治疗糖尿病的潜在机制。设计与环境：在伊斯法罕食品安全研究中心进行的叙事性回顾。方法：截至2016年10月，在MEDLINE（PubMed）电子数据库，Cochrane图书馆，Web of Science和Google Scholar中进行了搜索。结果：初始搜索产生了1214份报告。删除重复项后，筛选了704个标题和摘要。最后，在经过资格审查的83篇全文文章中，最终分析中包括30篇文章。益生菌的抗糖尿病机制包括对肠粘膜和微生物群的管腔内和直接作用（n = 13），抗炎和免疫调节作用（n = 10），抗氧化作用（n = 5），对内质网的影响（ ER）压力和涉及葡萄糖稳态和胰岛素抵抗的基因表达（n = 6），一些研究指出了不止一种机制。结论：该结果可能揭示了益生菌作为控制糖尿病的新方法的能力。但是，有必要进行进一步的人类研究，以阐明和确认益生菌在糖尿病预防和治疗中的潜在作用。同样，需要确定益生菌在糖尿病预防和治疗中的有效性是否取决于微生物的菌株。

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