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Gender Identity Disorder and Schizophrenia: Neurodevelopmental Disorders with Common Causal Mechanisms?

机译：性别认同障碍和精神分裂症：具有常见因果机制的神经发育障碍？

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Gender identity disorder (GID), recently renamed gender dysphoria (GD), is a rare condition characterized by an incongruity between gender identity and biological sex. Clinical evidence suggests that schizophrenia occurs in patients with GID at rates higher than in the general population and that patients with GID may have schizophrenia-like personality traits. Conversely, patients with schizophrenia may experience alterations in gender identity and gender role perception. Neurobiological research, including brain imaging and studies of finger length ratio and handedness, suggests that both these disorders are associated with altered cerebral sexual dimorphism and changes in cerebral lateralization. Various mechanisms, such asToxoplasmainfection, reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), early childhood adversity, and links with autism spectrum disorders, may account for some of this overlap. The implications of this association for further research are discussed.
机译：性别认同障碍（GID），最近更名为性别焦虑症（GD），是一种罕见的疾病，其特征是性别认同与生物性别之间存在不一致。临床证据表明，精神分裂症在GID患者中的发生率高于普通人群，并且GID患者可能具有精神分裂症样的人格特质。相反，精神分裂症患者可能会经历性别认同和性别角色感知的改变。神经生物学研究，包括脑成像以及对手指长度比和手性的研究，表明这两种疾病都与改变的大脑性二态性和大脑偏侧化有关。各种机制，例如弓形虫感染，降低的脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平，儿童早期逆境以及与自闭症谱系障碍的联系，可能是其中部分重叠的原因。讨论了该协会对进一步研究的意义。

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