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首页> 外文期刊>Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research >Techniques for controlling soil crusting and its effect on corn emergence and production
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Techniques for controlling soil crusting and its effect on corn emergence and production

机译：控制土壤结皮的技术及其对玉米出苗和生产的影响

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Soil crusting is a serious problem in numerous irrigated soils of Aragon. It reduces water infiltration rate, seedlingemergence and crop establishment, and enhances runoff and soil erosion. This paper analyses the efficiency ofsoil conservation practices (direct drilling and mulching) and chemical amendments (gypsum) on the control of soilcrusting, and its effect on seedling emergence and corn production. The experiments were carried out in Sierra deLuna (Zaragoza) in a soil prone to crusting. The experimental design was a randomised complete block with six treatmentsand three replications: T1 (sowing and several irrigations until emergence, a practice known as ?aguacivera? in Aragon; considered as the control treatment), T2 (sowing and delayed irrigation until post-emergence), T3 (directdrilling over nearly bare soil), T4 (direct drilling over legumes), T5 (T1 + gypsum), and T6 (T2 + gypsum). Inall the treatments, except for T1 and T5, irrigation was delayed until post-emergence. Measurements were made onplant emergence, penetration resistance of the crust, final infiltration rate and corn production. All variables weresignificantly affected by the treatments. T6 was the most effective treatment in reducing soil crusting and enhancingwater infiltration into the soil, whereas both T6 and T2 were the most effective at enhancing seedling emergence andcorn production. The ?aguacivera? treatments (T1 and T5) induced the highest crusting and emergence reductionand, together with T3, they were the least productive, whereas the direct drilling treatments (T3 and T4) followed anintermediate pattern. For crusting reduction, treatment T4 was more effective than treatment T3. The addition ofgypsum coupled to a delay in irrigation until corn emergence was thus the most effective treatment of those testedin this work to reduce soil crusting.
机译：在阿拉贡的许多灌溉土壤中，土壤结皮是一个严重的问题。它降低了水的渗透率，出苗率和作物长势，并增加了径流和土壤侵蚀。本文分析了土壤保护措施（直接钻井和覆盖）和化学改良剂（石膏）在控制土壤结皮方面的效率，及其对幼苗出苗和玉米生产的影响。实验是在塞拉利昂德卢纳（萨拉戈萨）容易结皮的土壤中进行的。实验设计是一个随机的完整块，有六种处理方法和三组重复：T1（播种和多次灌溉直到出苗，一种在阿拉贡被称为“ aguacivera”的作法;被认为是对照处理），T2（播种和延迟灌溉直到出苗后）。 ），T3（在裸土上直接钻探），T4（在豆类上直接钻探），T5（T1 +石膏）和T6（T2 +石膏）。除T1和T5以外的所有处理方法都将灌溉推迟到出苗后。对植物出苗，结皮的穿透阻力，最终入渗率和玉米产量进行了测量。所有变量均受到治疗的显着影响。 T6是减少土壤结皮和增加水分渗入土壤的最有效方法，而T6和T2都在增强幼苗出苗和玉米产量方面最有效。 ？aguacivera？处理（T1和T5）引起的结皮和出芽减少最高，并且与T3一起生产效率最低，而直接钻探处理（T3和T4）遵循中间模式。对于减少结皮，处理T4比处理T3更有效。因此，在石膏中添加石膏加上灌溉的延迟直到玉米出苗，是减少土壤结皮的最有效方法。

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