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The effects of smoking in developing hypertension in Pakistan: A systematic review

机译：吸烟对巴基斯坦发展中的高血压的影响：系统评价

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Globally, hypertension is considered one of the most important preventable causes of morbidity and mortality. Several plausible factors have been assessed and identified in relation to high blood pressure but there have been limited studies carried out as to whether smoking can have any effect in developing high blood pressure in Pakistan. This paper aims to examine the effects of smoking in developing hypertension in Pakistan. This study employs a systematic review. A total of 1097 articles were identified (reduced to 61 once duplication was removed). Only six studies met the relevant quality appraisal criteria. Three major databases - Medline, EMBASE and Global Health - were searched using both ‘free terms’ and ‘index-terms’. All selected studies were quality appraised by critical appraisal tools and reviewed by two authors. The studies fell into three distinct themes – awareness, economic status and types of tobacco. Findings of the review indicated that an unhealthy relationship exists between hypertension and smoking, as incidences of hypertension were more prevalent in smokers as compared to non-smokers. In addition, both high systolic and diastolic blood pressure were more frequent in smokers compared to non-smokers. The present study suggests that a positive harmful relationship exists between blood pressure and smoking, and that smokers are more likely to develop high blood pressure compared to non-smokers. In addition, this review considers knowledge and lifestyle modification, their linkage with hypertension and compliance to the treatment regimen as important considerations to reduce unhealthy effects of smoking in developing hypertension.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.5(1) 2015: 4-11
机译：在全球范围内，高血压被认为是发病率和死亡率的最重要的可预防原因之一。已经对与高血压有关的几种可能因素进行了评估和鉴定，但是关于吸烟是否对巴基斯坦的高血压产生任何影响的研究有限。本文旨在研究吸烟在巴基斯坦发展高血压中的作用。这项研究进行了系统的审查。总共鉴定了1097篇文章（删除重复项后减少到61篇）。只有六项研究符合相关的质量评估标准。使用“免费字词”和“索引字词”搜索了三个主要数据库-Medline，EMBASE和Global Health。所有选定的研究均通过关键评估工具进行了质量评估，并由两位作者进行了审查。这些研究分为三个不同的主题：意识，经济地位和烟草类型。审查的结果表明，高血压和吸烟之间存在不健康的关系，因为吸烟者与非吸烟者相比，高血压的发病率更高。此外，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者的收缩压和舒张压均较高。本研究表明，血压与吸烟之间存在积极的有害关系，与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者更容易患高血压。此外，本文将知识和生活方式的改变，其与高血压的联系以及对治疗方案的依从性作为减少吸烟对发展性高血压的不良影响的重要考虑因素。东南亚公共卫生杂志2015年第5（1）期：4 -11

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