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首页> 外文期刊>South-East European Forestry >The Growth of Bosnian Pine (Pinus hedreichii Christ.) at Tree-Line Locations from Kosovo and its Response to Climate
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The Growth of Bosnian Pine (Pinus hedreichii Christ.) at Tree-Line Locations from Kosovo and its Response to Climate

机译：科索沃林线位置的波斯尼亚松树（Pinus holdreichii Christ。）的生长及其对气候的响应

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Background and Purpose: Pinus heldreichii Christ. is a sub-endemic species occurring at tree-line locations in Kosovo and covering an area of 2500 ha. In high elevation sites radial growth is mainly controlled by low temperatures. The main purpose of this study was the analysis of radial growth of P. heldreichii and its response to local climate conditions. Materials and Methods: Research sites comprise of three high elevation stands of P. heldreichii with specific site conditions. Core samples were collected from 98 healthy dominant and co-dominant trees at breast height using increment borer. They were prepared and cross-dated using standard dendrochronological methods, while tree-ring widths were measured to the nearest 0.001 mm using the TSAP software. The ARSTAN program was used to standardize the tree-ring widths and to calculate dendrochronological statistical parameters. The growth-climate relationship was investigated using bootstrapped correlation function analysing the residual chronologies of each sampled site as a dependent variable and the climatic data from May of the (n-1) year up to the October of the n year for the common period 1951-2013 as an independent variable. Results: The length of Bosnian pine chronologies ranged from 175 to 541 years. All chronologies had high values of first-order autocorrelation indicating that radial growth of P. heldreichii is affected by the climate conditions of the previous growing year. Koritnik chronology had the highest values of the mean sensitivity due to the influence of drought stress. This conclusion is also supported by the result of growth-climate relationship where radial growth is negatively correlated with June temperatures and positively associated with July and August precipitation. We found that radial growth of young trees from Koritnik site is limited by the combined effect of temperatures and summer drought stress. In high elevation sites, temperature is expected to control the growth of P. heldreichii, but this effect is becoming more restrictive with age. The positive correlation between radial growth and winter temperatures suggests that favorable thermal conditions during winter months influence snow melting or soil moisture availability and indirectly affect the radial growth of P. heldreichii at all three sampled sites. Conclusions: The first tree-ring width chronologies from Kosovo are an important step towards a denser tree ring network in the Balkan region. Growth-climate relationships indicated that for P.heldreichii growth does not depend only on one single dominant factor, but also on various combinations of precipitation and temperature resulting in different climatic sensitivity. Our results provide an important basis for additional tree-ring parameters such as maximum latewood density and stable isotope ratios to be processed, improving the level of knowledge about P. heldreichii’s response versus site conditions.
机译：背景和目的：Pinus holdreichii基督。是在科索沃树线位置发生的亚特有物种，占地2500公顷。在高海拔地区，径向生长主要受低温控制。这项研究的主要目的是分析P. holdreichii的径向生长及其对当地气候条件的响应。材料和方法：研究地点包括三个P.holdreichii高海拔林地，并具有特定的场地条件。使用增量bore虫从乳房高度处的98棵健康优势树和共同优势树收集核心样品。他们使用标准的树木年代学方法进行了准备和过时，同时使用TSAP软件将树轮宽度测量到最接近的0.001 mm。 ARSTAN程序用于标准化树环宽度并计算树木年代统计参数。使用自举相关函数分析了每个采样点的剩余时间作为因变量，并从（n-1）年的5月到第n年10月的n年的10月的气候数据，研究了增长-气候关系。 -2013作为自变量。结果：波斯尼亚松树的年代长度在175至541年之间。所有时间序列的一阶自相关值都很高，这表明P. holdreichii的径向生长受到前一个生长年份的气候条件的影响。由于干旱胁迫的影响，Koritnik年表的平均灵敏度最高。生长与气候关系的结果也支持了这一结论，径向生长与6月的温度呈负相关，与7月和8月的降水呈正相关。我们发现，温度和夏季干旱胁迫的共同作用限制了Koritnik站点幼树的放射状生长。在高海拔地区，预计温度将控制P.holdreichii的生长，但是随着年龄的增长，这种影响变得越来越严格。径向生长与冬季温度之间的正相关关系表明，冬季有利的热条件会影响融雪或土壤水分的供应，并间接影响所有三个采样点的hold.p.holdreichii的径向生长。结论：科索沃的第一个树年轮宽度年表是迈向巴尔干地区更密集的树年轮网络的重要一步。生长与气候的关系表明，对P.holdreichii而言，生长不仅取决于一个单一的主导因素，而且取决于降水和温度的各种组合，从而导致不同的气候敏感性。我们的研究结果为其他树木年轮参数（例如最大的晚木密度和稳定的同位素比）进行处理提供了重要依据，从而提高了人们对P.holdreichii响应与现场条件的了解程度。

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