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Surface Accessibility with Spatial Analysis During Fire Extinguishing Procedures: Example on the Island of Vis

机译：灭火过程中的空间可及性与空间分析：以可见岛为例

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Background and Purpose: The existing public and forest transport infrastructure (truck forest roads) are permanent objects used when passing through forests. They also serve as a firefighter belt and provide direct access to firefighting vehicles, or are used as the starting point where firefighting teams extinguish fires or move toward remote fires. The paper identifies the existing fire road network (including public roads, forest roads, non-classified roads and fire roads) for access of firefighting vehicles during fire extinguishing interventions. Material and Methods: An analysis of the intervention rate was conducted on a dispersive sample (35 positions) from two volunteer fire associations (VFA) on the island of Vis. Also, an analysis of the surface availability to fire vehicles concerning the time of departure from the fire station was conducted, as well as the comparison with the Standard time of intervention defined by the regulations on fire department organization in the Republic of Croatia. Results: For each simulated fire location for intervention of two existing volunteer fire associations: VFA Komi?a and VFA Vis, results show that for a few fire locations, despite a smaller distance from the VFA Komi?a, a quicker intervention is possible from the VFA Vis (locations 4, 5 and 14), and vice versa (locations 21, 22 and 25). With the use of a New Service Area, tool intervention times regarding different areas were calculated. Intervention times were divided into intervals: 25 min. The last two categories of area are beyond reach for firefighters within the Standard time of intervention (15 min) and together they comprise to 27.88% of the total research area. Conclusions: The results of Closest Facility tool indicate that for the simulated fire position the best/fastest route is not always the shortest one, because of a significant effect of the structural elements of each road, the state of the road and the longitudinal slope of the road itself. One of the possible approaches to gain access to the area for fire-fighting, as well as to prioritize fire roads regarding maintenance/reconstruction is to improve road conditions, and thus increase the average driving speed.
机译：背景和目的：现有的公共和森林运输基础设施（卡车林道）是穿过森林时使用的永久性物体。它们还可以充当消防员腰带并直接通往消防车，也可以用作消防队扑灭大火或向偏远大火前进的起点。本文确定了现有的消防路网（包括公共道路，森林道路，非分类道路和消防路），以便在进行灭火干预时使用消防车。材料和方法：对来自Vis岛上两个自愿消防协会（VFA）的分散样本（35个位置）进行了干预率分析。此外，还分析了有关消防车离开消防站时间的可用表面情况，并与克罗地亚共和国消防部门组织法规所规定的标准干预时间进行了比较。结果：对于每个模拟的火灾发生地点，两个现有的自愿消防协会（VFA Komi？a和VFA Vis）都进行了干预，结果表明，尽管距离VFA Komi？a的距离较小，但在少数火灾发生地点，可以从VFA Vis（位置4、5和14），反之亦然（位置21、22和25）。通过使用新服务区，可以计算出有关不同区域的工具干预时间。干预时间分为间隔：25分钟。在标准干预时间内（15分钟），消防人员无法覆盖最后两类区域，它们合计占整个研究区域的27.88％。结论：最近设施工具的结果表明，对于模拟火灾位置，最佳/最快路线并不总是最短的路线，这是因为每条道路的结构要素，道路状态和道路的纵向坡度都会产生重大影响。道路本身。获得进入该区域进行消防以及优先考虑维修/改建消防道路的一种可能方法是改善道路状况，从而提高平均行驶速度。

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