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Dynamics, Hydrological Relations and Pollution of Precipitation and Flood Waters in a Forest Ecosystem

机译：森林生态系统的动力学，水文关系和降水与洪水污染

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Background and Purpose: Water in forest ecosystems can be present in various forms. The hydrological water cycle unfolds via fundamental hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, precipitation, infiltration and outflow. Certain infrastructure works and recent climate changes within lowland forest areas have resulted in changes in flood water and ground water trends, and in quantities of precipitation and evapotranspiration. One of the chemical water quality indicators is the presence of metals in water. Higher metal concentrations in natural waters are undesirable since they are polluters of aquatic systems and detrimental to living organisms. Particularly dangerous are cadmium and lead. The objective of this paper was to analyse watercourse levels, ground water depths, and relations between precipitation waters, flood waters, ground waters, relative air humidity and evapotranspiration. An additional objective was to analyse the pollution of precipitation and flood waters in lowland forest ecosystems. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Posavina region in Croatia. Precipitation data from Nova Gradi?ka meteorological station, watercourse levels of the Sava River and ground water depth data from piezometer stations were used in the analysis of the hydrological relations. For water quality analysis, precipitation was collected at six sample sites during the spring of 2015 and 2016. Flood water and precipitation were collected in three repetitions during the spring of 2015 and 2016. Results: Trends of the Sava River water levels and ground water levels dropped significantly. The precipitation volume trend in the study area was positive, but not statistically significant, while evapotranspiration amounts increased significantly. Conclusions: A significant correlation has been found between particular water forms in the hydrological cycle, i.e. between precipitation waters, flood waters and ground waters, and between relative air humidity and evapotranspiration. No pollution of precipitation waters and flood waters with metals was found.
机译：背景和目的：森林生态系统中的水可以多种形式存在。水文水循环通过基本的水文过程展开，例如蒸散，降水，入渗和流出。低地森林地区的某些基础设施工程和近期的气候变化导致洪水和地下水趋势的变化，以及降水量和蒸散量的变化。化学水质指标之一是水中金属的存在。天然水中较高的金属浓度是不希望的，因为它们是水生系统的污染者，并且对活生物体有害。镉和铅特别危险。本文的目的是分析河道水位，地下水深度以及降水，洪水，地下水，相对空气湿度和蒸散量之间的关系。另一个目标是分析低地森林生态系统中的降水和洪水污染。材料和方法：该研究在克罗地亚的Posavina地区进行。来自Nova Gradi？ka气象站的降水数据，萨瓦河的河道水位和来自测压站的地下水深度数据被用于分析水文关系。为了进行水质分析，在2015年春季和2016年春季在六个采样点收集了降水。在2015年春季和2016年春季在三个重复中收集了洪水和降水。结果：萨瓦河水位和地下水位的趋势大幅下降。研究区的降水量趋势为正，但无统计学意义，而蒸散量则显着增加。结论：在水文循环中的特定水形态之间，即在降水水，洪水和地下水之间，以及相对空气湿度和蒸散量之间，存在着显着的相关性。没有发现沉淀水和洪水对金属的污染。

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