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Scotch Pine Regeneration in Magnesite Pollution Conditions in South Ural, Russia

机译：俄罗斯乌拉尔南部菱镁矿污染条件下的樟子松再生

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Background and Purpose: Technogenic load is considered to be one of the major factors which destabilize forest ecosystems. The impact of chronic aero technogenic pollution near large industrial centers severely affects the plants in these areas; thus, plants cannot fulfill their aesthetic and air-cleaning role. Therefore, many studies have been carried out on technogenic pollution and particularly on magnesite pollution. The aim of the study is to investigate characteristics of the Scotch pine natural regeneration process under the forest canopy in magnesite pollution conditions. Materials and Methods: The research was carried in an aero-technogenic emission zone of Kombinat Magnezit, in South Ural, Russia. The purpose is to assess the soil suitability for reforestation in various degrees (PS-2: High pollution zone, PS-5: Average pollution zone, PS-3: Low pollution zone, PS-4: Very weak pollution zone, and PS-K: Control area) of magnesite pollution. Experimental Plots (PS) are in similar conditions regarding forest vegetation. The major factors that can influence the natural regeneration, such as the quantity of seeds produced by the parents trees, stand density (the number of trees per 1 ha), the composition of the upper horizon of the soil and height, its density, live ground cover (LGC) phytomass and pH of the upper root-inhabited soil layer have been measured. Results: The results of this study showed that in PS-K conditions a large number of seeds, thin forest litter, small phytomass of alive ground cover, and slightly acidic pH of the root zone of the soil can be found. The dense forest laying, generally composed of fresh and weakly decomposed layers, inhibits seed germination from reaching the mineral soil layer, which results in mortality. Conclusions: It was evaluated that the success of natural regeneration is effected by the stand density and the occurrence of undergrowth of Scots pine. Soil remediation can positively affect the natural rejuvenation process. Moreover, seed supplementation can play a major role in successful natural rejuvenation.
机译：背景和目的：技术负荷被认为是破坏森林生态系统稳定的主要因素之一。大型工业中心附近的长期航空技术污染的影响严重影响了这些地区的植物;因此，植物无法发挥其美学和空气净化作用。因此，已经对技术污染，特别是菱镁矿污染进行了许多研究。本研究的目的是研究菱镁矿污染条件下林冠下樟子松自然更新过程的特征。材料和方法：该研究是在俄罗斯南乌拉尔的Kombinat Magnezit的一个航空技术排放区内进行的。目的是评估土壤在不同程度上的造林适宜性（PS-2：高污染区，PS-5：平均污染区，PS-3：低污染区，PS-4：极弱污染区，以及PS- K：菱镁矿污染的控制区域。关于森林植被，实验图（PS）处于类似条件。可能影响自然再生的主要因素，例如亲本树木产生的种子数量，林分密度（每1公顷的树木数量），土壤上层地平线的组成和高度，其密度，活度。已测量了地被植物（LGC）的植物气层和根系上部土壤层的pH。结果：这项研究的结果表明，在PS-K条件下，可以发现大量的种子，稀疏的森林凋落物，活的地被植物的小植物，以及土壤根部区域的弱酸性pH。茂密的森林通常由新鲜且分解较弱的层组成，抑制了种子发芽到达矿物土壤层，从而导致死亡。结论：评价了自然更新的成功与否取决于林分密度和樟子松的不足。土壤修复可以积极影响自然复兴过程。此外，添加种子可以在成功的自然复兴中发挥重要作用。

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