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首页> 外文期刊>South-East European Forestry >Genetic Diversity of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) in Clonal Seed Orchards in Croatia, Assessed by Nuclear and Chloroplast Microsatellites
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Genetic Diversity of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) in Clonal Seed Orchards in Croatia, Assessed by Nuclear and Chloroplast Microsatellites

机译：通过核和叶绿体微卫星评估克罗地亚带蒂种子园有花梗橡树（Quercus robur L.）的遗传多样性

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Background and Purpose: Natural stands of pedunculate oak in Croatia have been delineated in seed areas, zones and regions. The current bylaw recommends that the transfer of reproductive material remains limited within zones, but that it is permitted within areas. Clonal seed orchards (CSOs) of pedunculate oak were established to increase genetic quality of seed and to acquire a more regular seed yield than in natural stands. In total 150 plus trees were selected within three seed regions. The selection included a number of favourable traits of tree size and stem quality. Three CSOs were planted with grafted plus-trees. We aimed to establish whether these orchards encompass enough genetic diversity to potentially produce genetically improved and sufficiently diverse reproductive material. We also wanted to assess neutral genetic differentiation between these orchards and compare it with the genetic diversity obtained from chloroplast DNA markers, depicting conserved lineages from recolonization routes. We wanted to investigate spatial genetic structure in the area of our research and provide additional information on the transfer of forest reproductive material. Materials and Methods: Leaves were collected from all clones in the CSOs. Total genomic DNA was extracted and clones were analysed with eight nuclear and ten chloroplast microsatellite markers. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed with nuclear microsatellite data and original plus trees’ coordinates, for each CSO separately, to determine whether shared favourable traits among the selected plus trees in smaller distances are the results of relatedness, which the sampling strategy tried to avoid. Results: We found 28 chloroplast haplotypes belonging to four maternal lineages, and significant differentiation between CSOs, indicating origin from different refuges. Nuclear microsatellites’ diversity in the CSOs is quite high and comparable to diversity found within a recent study of Croatian natural populations. Nuclear microsatellites did not show genetic differentiation between CSOs, i.e. between the seed regions and seed zones they represent. No genetic differentiation was found with nuclear microsatellites among haplotypic lineages. We found no genetic structure within the analysed regions. Conclusions: Lack of differentiation between CSOs found with nuclear microsatellites confirms the permission for transfer of reproductive material between zones within the seed area 1 - Lowland Forests. If original differentiation between chloroplast haplotypic lineages was present after recolonization, it was erased by subsequent gene flow. Lack of genetic structure, with nuclear microsatellites within regions indicates successful sampling strategy.
机译：背景与目的：在种子区域，区域和区域划定了克罗地亚带花梗橡木的天然林分。当前的章程建议，在区域内限制生殖材料的转移，但在区域内允许转移。建立带花梗橡木的无性种子园（CSO）可以提高种子的遗传品质，并获得比天然林更为规则的种子产量。在三个种子区域内总共选择了150多棵树木。选择包括树大小和茎质量的一些有利特征。三个民间组织都种植了嫁接的正树。我们的目标是确定这些果园是否包含足够的遗传多样性，以潜在地生产经过遗传改良的繁殖材料。我们还想评估这些果园之间的中性遗传分化，并将其与从叶绿体DNA标记获得的遗传多样性进行比较，以描绘出重新定殖途径的保守谱系。我们想研究我们研究领域中的空间遗传结构，并提供有关森林繁殖材料转移的更多信息。材料和方法：从CSO中的所有克隆中收集叶子。提取总基因组DNA，并用八个核和十个叶绿体微卫星标记分析克隆。利用核微卫星数据和原始正树的坐标分别对每个CSO进行空间自相关分析，以确定距离较近的选定正树之间共享的有利特征是否是相关性的结果，采样策略试图避免这种相关性。结果：我们发现28种叶绿体单倍型属于四个母系，并且在CSO之间有明显的区别，表明其来自不同的庇护所。公民社会组织中的核微卫星多样性很高，可以与最近对克罗地亚自然种群的研究发现的多样性相媲美。核微卫星没有显示CSO之间的遗传差异，即它们代表的种子区域和种子区域之间没有遗传差异。在单倍谱系中未发现核微卫星的遗传分化。我们没有发现分析区域内的遗传结构。结论：利用核微卫星发现的CSO之间缺乏区分，这证实了繁殖材料在种子区1-低地森林之间的区域之间转移的许可。如果在定殖后存在叶绿体单倍体谱系之间的原始分化，则随后的基因流将其消除。缺乏遗传结构，区域内有核微卫星，表明成功的采样策略。

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