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Assessment and Comparison of Machine Operators’ Working Posture in Forest Thinning

机译：森林疏伐中机械操作人员工作姿势的评估与比较

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Background and Purpose: Due to technological progress and improvement of working processes, significant changes in the field of health protection and safety at work have occurred in the forestry sector. Accordingly, this paper presents the assessment and comparison of the working posture for operators of three different types of forest machines: chainsaw, forwarder and harvester. Materials and Methods: The analysis was carried out from an ergonomic point of view using ErgoFellow 3.0 software, i.e. two ergonomic methods: Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (OWAS) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). Field measurements and data collection were carried out during the summer of 2017, when different wood harvesting technologies were applied within the same forest stand. The operators’ body posture was recorded during effective work by a video camera and was taken as a relevant comparison factor of different types of forest machines and three observed operators. From the video recordings, the working body postures were defined in accordance with the snapshot method with the aim of obtaining an equal number of observations for all three operators of forest machines. Results and Conclusions: The results of the analysis of the working posture for operators of all three types of forest machines show that, in terms of the level and type of their impact on the worker, the work of the chainsaw operator is more demanding and much more risky than that of the harvester or forwarder operators. The comparison of the two risk categorization methods, from the aspect of the working posture, shows that the REBA method has higher risk ratings than the OWAS method for all three types of forest machines. The need to implement preventive measures established in Scandinavian countries and to define the guidelines for future research of the working postures of forest machine operators is presented in the discussion of this paper.
机译：背景和目的：由于技术进步和工作流程的改进，林业部门的工作中健康保护和安全领域发生了重大变化。因此，本文对三种不同类型的林业机械（链锯，货运代理和收割机）的操作员的工作姿势进行了评估和比较。材料和方法：分析是使用ErgoFellow 3.0软件从人机工程学的角度进行的，即两种人机工程学方法：Ovako工作姿势分析系统（OWAS）和快速全身评估（REBA）。在2017年夏季进行了野外测量和数据收集，当时在同一林分内采用了不同的木材采伐技术。在有效工作期间，通过摄像机记录了操作员的身体姿势，并将其作为不同类型的林业机械和三名观察员的相关比较因素。从录像中，根据快照方法定义了工作人员的姿势，目的是为所有三台林业机械操作员获得相同数量的观测值。结果与结论：对所有三种类型的林业机械操作员的工作状态进行分析的结果表明，就其对工人的影响程度和类型而言，链锯操作员的工作要求更高且要求更高。比收割机或货运代理人的风险更大。从工作状态的角度比较这两种风险分类方法，表明对于所有三种类型的林木机械，REBA方法的风险等级均高于OWAS方法。本文的讨论中提出了实施斯堪的纳维亚国家制定的预防措施并为森林机器操作员的工作姿势的未来研究确定指南的需求。

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