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首页> 外文期刊>Standards in Genomic Sciences >A long-term field experiment demonstrates the influence of tillage on the bacterial potential to produce soil structure-stabilizing agents such as exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides
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A long-term field experiment demonstrates the influence of tillage on the bacterial potential to produce soil structure-stabilizing agents such as exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides

机译：长期的田间实验证明了耕作对细菌产生土壤结构稳定剂（如胞外多糖和脂多糖）的潜力的影响。

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Stable soil aggregates are essential for optimal crop growth and preventing soil erosion. However, tillage is often used in agriculture to loosen the soil, which disrupts the integrity of these aggregates. Soil aggregation can be enhanced by bacteria through their ability to produce exopolysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. These compounds stabilize soil aggregates by “gluing” soil particles together. However, it has yet to be shown how tillage influences the bacterial potential to produce aggregate-stabilizing agents. Therefore, we sampled conventional and reduced tillage treatments at 0–10?cm, 10–20?cm and 20–50?cm from a long-term field trial in Frick, Switzerland. We compared the stable aggregate fraction of the soil and the bacterial potential to produce exopolysaccharides (EPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) under different tillage regimes by employing a shotgun metagenomic approach. We established a method which combines hidden Markov model searches with blasts against sequences derived from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database to analyze genes specific for the biosynthesis of these compounds. Our data revealed that the stable aggregate fraction as well as the bacterial potential to produce EPS and LPS were comparable under both tillage regimes. The highest potential to produce these compounds was found in the upper soil layer, which was disturbed by tillage, but had higher content of organic carbon compared to the layer below the tillage horizon. Additionally, key players of EPS and LPS production differed at different sampling depths. Some families with high potential to produce EPS and LPS, such as Chitinophagaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae, were more abundant in the upper soil layers, while others, e.g. Nitrospiraceae and Planctomycetaceae, preferred the lowest sampled soil depth. Each family had the potential to form a limited number of different aggregate-stabilizing agents. Our results indicate that conventional tillage and reduced tillage equally promote the bacterial potential to produce EPS and LPS in the tillage horizon. However, as major bacterial groups triggering EPS and LPS formation were not the same, it is likely that gene expression pattern differ in the different treatments due to various pathways of gene induction and transcription in different bacterial species.
机译：稳定的土壤聚集体对于实现最佳作物生长和防止土壤侵蚀至关重要。但是，耕作通常在农业中用于疏松土壤，这破坏了这些集料的完整性。细菌通过产生胞外多糖和脂多糖的能力可以增强土壤的聚集。这些化合物通过将土壤颗粒“粘合”在一起来稳定土壤聚集体。然而，尚未显示耕作如何影响细菌产生集料稳定剂的潜力。因此，我们从瑞士Frick的一项长期田间试验中取样了0–10？cm，10–20？cm和20–50？cm的常规耕作和减耕措施。我们通过使用a弹枪宏基因组学方法，比较了不同耕作制度下土壤的稳定聚集部分和细菌产生外多糖（EPS）和脂多糖（LPS）的潜力。我们建立了一种方法，将隐马尔可夫模型搜索与原始序列结合起来，针对源自京都基因百科全书和基因组数据库的序列进行分析，以分析这些化合物生物合成所特有的基因。我们的数据表明，在两种耕作制度下，稳定的骨料含量以及产生EPS和LPS的细菌潜力均相当。在上层土壤中发现了产生这些化合物的最大潜力，而上层土壤受到耕作的干扰，但与耕作层下的土壤相比，有机碳含量更高。此外，EPS和LPS生产的主要参与者在不同的采样深度上也有所不同。一些具有产生EPS和LPS潜力的家庭，例如几丁草科和缓生根瘤菌科，在上层土壤中含量较高，而其他一些则例如，硝酸螺菌科和浮萍科最好选择最低的土壤深度。每个家族都有形成有限数量的不同骨料稳定剂的潜力。我们的结果表明，传统耕作和减少耕作均能促进细菌潜力，在耕作层面产生EPS和LPS。然而，由于触发EPS和LPS形成的主要细菌群体并不相同，由于不同细菌物种中基因诱导和转录的途径不同，不同处理中的基因表达模式可能会有所不同。

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