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Distributed versus massed training: efficiency of training psychomotor skills

机译：分布式训练与大规模训练：精神运动技能的训练效率

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Virtual reality simulators have shown to be valid and useful tools for training psychomotor skills for endoscopic surgery. Discussion arises how to integrate these simulators into the surgical training curriculum. Distributed training is referred to as short training periods, with rest periods in between. Massed training is training in continuous and longer training blocks. This study investigates the difference between distributed and massed training on the initial development and retention of psychomotor skills on a virtual reality simulator. Four groups of eight medical students lacking any experience in endoscopic training were created. Two groups trained in a distributed fashion, one group trained in a massed fashion and the last group not at all (control group). All performed a post-test immediately after finishing their training schedule. Two months after this test a second post- test was performed. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Post-Hoc test Tukey-Bonferoni was used to determine differences in mean scores between the four groups, whereas a pvalue ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Distributed training resulted in higher scores and a better retention of relevant psychomotor skills. Distributed as well as massed training resulted in better scores and retention of skills than no training at all. Our study clearly shows that distributed training yields better results in psychomotor endoscopic skills. Therefore, in order to train as efficient as possible, training programs should be (re)-programmed accordingly.
机译：虚拟现实模拟器已证明是培训内窥镜手术心理运动技能的有效工具。讨论出现了如何将这些模拟器集成到外科培训课程中。分布式培训被称为短期培训，中间介于其间。大规模培训是指在连续且较长的培训单元中进行培训。这项研究调查了在虚拟现实模拟器上进行心理运动技能的初始发展和保留的分布式培训与大规模培训之间的差异。缺乏内镜训练经验的四组八名医学生被创建。两组以分布式方式进行训练，一组以集中方式进行训练，最后一组则完全没有（对照组）。在完成培训计划后，所有人都立即进行了后测。测试结束两个月后，进行了第二次测试。事后检验Tukey-Bonferoni的单向方差分析（ANOVA）用于确定四组之间的平均得分差异，而p值≤0.05被认为具有统计学意义。分布式培训导致更高的分数并更好地保留相关的心理运动技能。与根本没有培训相比，分布式培训和大规模培训产生了更好的分数和技能保留。我们的研究清楚地表明，分布式训练可在心理运动内窥镜检查技能方面产生更好的效果。因此，为了尽可能高效地进行培训，应该对培训计划进行相应的（重新）编程。

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