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Solar Eclipses in the First Half of the Chunqiu Period

机译:春秋上半年的日食

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IntheChinesechronicleChunqiu,whichdescribesapartial(722BCa€“481BC)historyoftheChunqiuPeriod(770BCa€“403BC),therearerecorded37solareclipseobservations,startingin720BCandendingin481BC.Amongthese,thereare10eclipserecordsthatlackeitherthecyclicdaynumberorastatementofa€?thenewmoona€?,orboth.ThreeexplanatorybooksZuoshi-Zhuan,Guliang-Zhuan,andGongyang-ZhuanwrittenintheZhanguoPeriod(403BCa€“221BC)havedifferentinterpretationsconcerningtheserecords.Zuoshi-Zhuansimplysaysthatroyalastronomersforgottorecordthesedata.Ontheotherhand,Guliang-Zhuansaysthattheseeclipseswereobservedonthelastdayofthemonthorduringthenight.Gongyang-Zhuansaysthattheseweremainlyobservedontheseconddayofthemonth.Afamousastronomer,LiuxinintheHanDynasty,arguedclosetotheideaofGongyang-Zhuan.ThesediscussionsarerelatedtotheproblemofestablishingaprecisecalendarsystemintheChunqiuPeriod.Controversialargumentscontinueuntiltoday.AJapaneseastronomer,ToshioWatanabe(1958),conjecturedthattheseeclipsesmayhavebeenobservedatsunriseorsunset.Inthepresentreport,weintendtoconfirmWatanabea€?sconjecture,andafterconfirmingthisweusethispropertytoaccuratelydeterminetherangeof$$DeltaT$$(seesection1fordefinition)inthisperiod.Wehaveobtainednew$$DeltaT$$rangesinsecondsfromfiveeclipseswhichaccompanieddeepcontemporaneoussolareclipses:20153$$leqDeltaTleq$$21094ataround720BCFebruary22,????18526$$leqDeltaTleq$$20686ataround676BCApril15,????19409$$leqDeltaTleq$$20402ataround648BCApril6??ifthesiteisParos,??or????18353$$leqDeltaTleq$$19235ataround648BCApril6??ifthesiteisThasos,??19172$$leqDeltaTleq$$20910ataround599BCMarch6,????16134$$leqDeltaTleq$$19101ataround558BCMay31.????20153$$leqDeltaTleq$$21094ataround720BCFebruary22,????18526$$leqDeltaTleq$$20686ataround676BCApril15,????19409$$leqDeltaTleq$$20402ataround648BCApril6??ifthesiteisParos,??or????18353$$leqDeltaTleq$$19235ataround648BCApril6??ifthesiteisThasos,??19172$$leqDeltaTleq$$20910ataround599BCMarch6,????16134$$leqDeltaTleq$$19101ataround558BCMay31.????
机译:IntheChinesechronicleChunqiu,whichdescribesapartial(722BCa€“481BC)historyoftheChunqiuPeriod(770BCa€“403BC),therearerecorded37solareclipseobservations,startingin720BCandendingin481BC.Amongthese,thereare10eclipserecordsthatlackeitherthecyclicdaynumberorastatementofa€?thenewmoona€?,orboth.ThreeexplanatorybooksZuoshi-Zhuan,Guliang-Zhuan,andGongyang-ZhuanwrittenintheZhanguoPeriod(403BCa€“221BC)havedifferentinterpretationsconcerningtheserecords.Zuoshi-Zhuansimplysaysthatroyalastronomersforgottorecordthesedata.Ontheotherhand,Guliang-Zhuansaysthattheseeclipseswereobservedonthelastdayofthemonthorduringthenight.Gongyang-Zhuansaysthattheseweremainlyobservedontheseconddayofthemonth.Afamousastronomer,LiuxinintheHanDynasty,arguedclosetotheideaofGongyang-Zhuan.ThesediscussionsarerelatedtotheproblemofestablishingaprecisecalendarsystemintheChunqiuPeriod.Controversialargumentscontinueuntiltoday.AJapaneseastronomer,ToshioWatanabe(1958),conjecturedthattheseeclipsesmayhavebeenobservedatsunriseorsunset.Inthepresentreport,weintendtoconfirmWatanabea€?sconjecture,andafterconfirmingthisweusethispropertytoaccuratelydeterminetherangeof$$DeltaT$$(seesection1fordefinition)inthisperiod.Wehaveobtainednew$$DeltaT$$rangesinsecondsfromfiveeclipseswhichaccompanieddeepcontemporaneoussolareclipses:20153$$leqDeltaTleq$$21094ataround720BCFebruary22,????18526$$leqDeltaTleq$$20686ataround676BCApril15,????19409$$leqDeltaTleq$$20402ataround648BCApril6??ifthesiteisParos,??or????18353$$leqDeltaTleq$$19235ataround648BCApril6??ifthesiteisThasos,??19172$$leqDeltaTleq$$20910ataround599BCMarch6,????16134$$leqDeltaTleq$$19101ataround558BCMay31.????20153$$leqDeltaTleq$$21094ataround720BCFebruary22,????18526$$leqDeltaTleq$$20686ataround676BCApril15,????19409$$leqDeltaTleq$$20402ataround648BCApril6??ifthesiteisParos,??or????18353$$leqDeltaTleq$$19235ataround648BCApril6??ifthesiteisThasos,??19172$$leqDeltaTleq$$20910ataround599BCMarch6,????16134$$leqDeltaTleq$$19101ataround558BCMay31.????

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