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Aerobic bacterial flora of biotic and abiotic compartments of a hyperendemic Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) focus

机译：高流行性人畜共患的皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）焦点的生物区隔和非生物区隔的需氧菌群

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Background Identification of the microflora of the sand fly gut and the environmental distribution of these bacteria are important components for paratransgenic control of Leishmania transmission by sand flies. Methods Biotic and abiotic bacterial communities of four compartments of a hyper-endemic focus of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) were investigated using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. These compartments include Phlebotomus papatasi’s gut, skin and intestinal tract of great gerbil Rhombomys opimus, the gerbil nest supplies, and plant food sources of the vectors and reservoirs. Results Sequence homology analysis using nine available 16S rDNA data bases revealed 40, 24, 15 and 14 aerobic bacterial species from the vector guts, the gerbil bodies, the gerbil nests, and the plants, respectively. The isolated bacteria belong to wide ranges including aerobic to facultative anaerobic, pathogen to commensals, sand fly oviposition inducers, land to air and ocean habitats, animal and human probiotics, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Matching data analysis suggested that the adult P. papatasi gut bacteria could be acquired from three routes, adult sugar feeding on the plant saps, adult blood feeding on the animal host, and larval feeding from nest supplies. However, our laboratory experiment showed that none of the bacteria of the reservoir skin was transmitted to female sand fly guts via blood feeding. The microflora of sand fly guts were associated with the sand fly environment in which the predominant bacteria were Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus in human dwellings, cattle farms, and rodent colonies, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterium in sand fly guts. Presence of some sand fly ovipoisition inducers such Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus saprophyticus support association between gut flora and oviposition induction. Conclusions Results of this study showed that Bacillus subtilis and Enterobacter cloacae particularly subsp. dissolvens are circulated among the sand fly guts, the plants, and the sand fly larval breeding places and hence are possible candidates for a paratransgenic approach to reduce Leishmania transmission.
机译：背景技术沙蝇肠道微生物区系的鉴定以及这些细菌的环境分布是沙蝇通过利什曼原虫传播的超转基因控制的重要组成部分。方法采用16S核糖体DNA测序和系统树构建方法，对人畜共患的皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）高流行病重点四个区室的生物和非生物细菌群落进行了研究。这些隔间包括巨大的沙鼠Rhombomys opimus的肠道菌毛，皮肤和肠道，沙鼠巢供应以及载体和水库的植物食物来源。结果使用9个可用的16S rDNA数据库进行的序列同源性分析揭示了分别来自载体肠道，沙鼠小体，沙鼠巢和植物的40、24、15和14种好氧细菌种。分离出的细菌包括好氧至兼性厌氧菌，病原体至共生菌，沙蝇卵诱生剂，陆对空和海洋生境，动物和人类益生菌以及促进植物生长的根际细菌。匹配数据分析表明，可以通过三种途径获得木瓜毕赤酵母的肠道细菌：在植物汁液中饲喂成人糖，在动物宿主中饲喂成人血液以及从巢中获取幼虫。但是，我们的实验室实验表明，储水库皮肤中的细菌均没有通过供血传播给雌性沙蝇肠。沙蝇肠道菌群与沙蝇环境有关，在沙蝇环境中，人类住所，养牛场和啮齿动物菌落中的主要细菌分别是微细菌，假单胞菌和葡萄球菌。金黄色葡萄球菌是沙蝇肠道中最常见的细菌。存在一些沙蝇卵泡诱导剂，如芽孢杆菌。葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌支持肠道菌群与产卵的关系。结论本研究结果显示枯草芽孢杆菌和阴沟肠杆菌尤其是亚种。溶解剂在沙蝇肠道，植物和沙蝇幼虫繁殖场所之间循环，因此可能是减少利什曼原虫传播的超转基因方法的候选者。

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