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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacognosy Research >Ilex paraguariensis Promotes Orofacial Pain Relief After Formalin Injection: Involvement of Noradrenergic Pathway
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Ilex paraguariensis Promotes Orofacial Pain Relief After Formalin Injection: Involvement of Noradrenergic Pathway

机译：福尔马林注射后巴拉圭冬虫夏草促进口面疼痛缓解：降肾上腺素能途径的参与

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Background: Drinking mate or chimarr?o , a hot infusion of Ilex paraguariensis (ILEX) leaves, is a common habit in Southern South America that has a social and almost ritualistic role. It has been used as a stimulant beverage in South America and analgesic in regions of Argentina for treatment of headache and others painful inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and rheumatism. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological activity of I. paraguariensis infusion (ILEX) on orofacial nociception model induced by formalin, and study its mechanism of action. Materials and Methods: The analgesic effect of ILEX was assessed through writhing test, paw formalin test, paw edema induced by carrageenan, and orofacial pain induced by formalin. To study the action mechanism of ILEX, opioidergic, dopaminergic, nitrergic, and adrenergic pathways were investigated. Results: The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ILEX infusion revealed caffeine and theobromine. The treatment with ILEX reduced the number of writhing. However, it was effective neither in the formalin paw test nor in the paw edema induced by carrageenan. Different from formalin paw test, ILEX was able to reduce the orofacial reactivity to formalin in 31.8% (70.4 ± 2.5 s; first phase), and 20% (127.3 ± 18.9 s; second phase). The analgesic effect of ILEX results from the modulation of noradrenergic pathways since prazosin (α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, 0.15 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) reversed the analgesic effect of ILEX. Conclusions: The present report demonstrates that analgesic effect of ILEX in orofacial formalin test is due mainly to modulation of noradrenergic pathways. SUMMARY Ilex paraguariensis (ILEX) has been used as a stimulant beverage in South America and analgesic in regions of Argentina for the treatment of headache and others painful inflammatory conditions such arthritis and rheumatism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological activity of ILEX on orofacial nociception model induced by formalin, and study its mechanism of action. ILEX reduced the number of writhing and orofacial reactivity to formalin in mice. However, it was effective neither in the formalin paw test nor in the paw edema induced by carrageenan. The analgesic effect of ILEX results from the modulation of noradrenergic pathways. Abbreviation Used: ILEX: Infusion of Ilex paraguariensis , NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, L-NOARG: L-NG-nitro-arginine, UV: Ultraviolet, i.p.: Intraperitoneal, NOS: Nitric Oxide Synthase, ANOVA: Analysis of variance, S.E.M.: Standard error of mean, HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography, NO: Nitric Oxide, v.o.: Oral route, DCQ: dicaffeoylquinic acid, BMS: Burning mouth syndrome, PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline.
机译：背景：喝酒的伴侣或chimarr？o是一种热浸入的巴拉圭鸢尾（ILEX）叶，是南美南部的一种常见习俗，具有社会和几乎仪式性的作用。它已在南美用作刺激性饮料，并在阿根廷地区用作镇痛药，用于治疗头痛和其他疼痛性炎症，例如关节炎和风湿病。目的：本研究的目的是评估帕拉瓜I.（ILEX）注射液对福尔马林诱导的口腔伤害感受模型的药理活性，并研究其作用机理。材料与方法：ILEX的镇痛作用通过扭体试验，爪福尔马林试验，角叉菜胶诱导的爪水肿和福尔马林引起的口面部疼痛进行评估。为了研究ILEX的作用机理，研究了阿片能，多巴胺能，硝能和肾上腺素能途径。结果：ILEX输液的高效液相色谱分析显示咖啡因和可可碱。用ILEX进行的处理减少了扭结的次数。但是，它在福尔马林爪试验和角叉菜胶诱导的爪水肿中均无效。与福尔马林爪试验不同，ILEX能够在31.8％（70.4±2.5 s;第一阶段）和20％（127.3±18.9 s;第二阶段）中降低对福尔马林的口腔反应性。由于哌唑嗪（α 1 -肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂，0.15 mg / kg;腹膜内）逆转了ILEX的镇痛作用，因此ILEX的镇痛作用来自于去甲肾上腺素能途径的调节。结论：本报告证明ILEX在口面福尔马林试验中的镇痛作用主要归因于去甲肾上腺素能途径的调节。发明内容巴拉圭鸢尾（ILEX）在南美和阿根廷地区已用作刺激性饮料，用于治疗头痛和其他疼痛性炎性疾病，例如关节炎和风湿病。这项研究的目的是评估ILEX对福尔马林诱导的口腔伤害感受模型的药理活性，并研究其作用机理。 ILEX减少了小鼠对福尔马林的扭动和口部反应的次数。但是，它在福尔马林爪试验和角叉菜胶诱导的爪水肿中均无效。 ILEX的镇痛作用源于去甲肾上腺素途径的调节。所用的缩写：ILEX：巴拉圭Ilex的输注，NSAIDs：非甾体抗炎药，L-NOARG：L-NG-硝基精氨酸，UV：紫外线，ip：腹膜内，NOS：一氧化氮合酶，方差分析：方差分析， SEM：平均值标准误，HPLC：高效液相色谱法，NO：一氧化氮，vo：口服途径，DCQ：二咖啡酰奎尼酸，BMS：灼口综合征，PBS：磷酸盐缓冲液。

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