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Impact of a variable number tandem repeat in the CYP2C9 promoter on warfarin sensitivity and responsiveness in Jordanians with cardiovascular disease

机译:CYP2C9启动子中可变数目的串联重复序列对约旦患有心血管疾病的华法林敏感性和反应性的影响

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of CYP/CYP450 2C9 ( CYP2C9 ) promoter variable number tandem repeat (p-VNTR) polymorphism on susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and on warfarin sensitivity and responsiveness, in Jordanians with cardiovascular disease during initiation and stabilization phases of therapy. Patients and methods: A total of 211 cardiovascular patients who were being treated with warfarin anticoagulants and 205 healthy individuals were enrolled in this study. PCR-based methods were performed to analyze the effects of CYP2C9 p-VNTR polymorphism on warfarin metabolism. The p-VNTR polymorphism was composed of tandem repeat motifs sorted into three alleles based on the length and structure: short (p-VNTR-S), middle (p-VNTR-M), and long (p-VNTR-L). Results: We found that the genotypic and allelic frequencies differ significantly between patients and healthy individuals; therefore, our results suggest that this polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular disease in the Jordanian population. Moreover, during the initiation phase of therapy, 20% of warfarin-sensitive patients were homozygous for a short allele (p-VNTR-S), and 12.2% were heterozygous for this allele (p-VNTR-M/p-VNTR-S). During the stabilization phase, no significant differences were found between these groups and their genotypic frequencies. Additionally, we did not confirm any relationship between the CYP2C9 p-VNTR polymorphism and warfarin response during either the initiation or the stabilization phases of therapy. Conclusion: Our data show a significant difference between the CYP2C9 p-VNTR polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular disease, in addition to significant association between this polymorphism and sensitivity to warfarin at the initiation phase of therapy in a Jordanian population. However, there is no correlation between this polymorphism and warfarin response, international normalized ratio (INR) values, or required warfarin dose to achieve a target INR either at the initiation or stabilization phases of therapy. To further corroborate our results, additional studies are required with a larger number of samples and different ethnic groups.
机译:目的:本研究的目的是研究CYP / CYP450 2C9(CYP2C9)启动子可变数目串联重复(p-VNTR)多态性对心血管疾病易感性,华法林敏感性和反应性的影响,在约旦患有心血管疾病的患者中和稳定阶段的治疗。患者和方法:本研究共纳入211名接受华法林抗凝剂治疗的心血管病患者和205名健康个体。进行了基于PCR的方法来分析CYP2C9 p-VNTR多态性对华法林代谢的影响。 p-VNTR多态性由串联重复基序组成,根据长度和结构分为三个等位基因:短(p-VNTR-S),中(p-VNTR-M)和长(p-VNTR-L)。结果:我们发现,患者和健康个体之间的基因型和等位基因频率存在显着差异。因此,我们的结果表明,这种多态性与约旦人群的心血管疾病有关。此外,在治疗开始阶段,对华法令敏感的患者中有20%的纯等位基因是短等位基因(p-VNTR-S),有12.2%的纯合子是该等位基因(p-VNTR-M / p-VNTR-S )。在稳定阶段,这些组及其基因型频率之间没有发现显着差异。此外,在治疗的开始或稳定阶段,我们未证实CYP2C9 p-VNTR多态性与华法林反应之间存在任何关系。结论:我们的数据显示,CYP2C9 p-VNTR基因多态性与心血管疾病风险之间存在显着差异,此外,该基因多态性与约旦人群治疗初始阶段对华法林的敏感性之间存在显着关联。但是,这种多态性与华法林反应,国际标准化比率(INR)值或在治疗开始或稳定阶段达到目标INR所需的华法林剂量之间没有相关性。为了进一步证实我们的结果,需要对大量样本和不同种族的人群进行其他研究。

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