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On the garden pea

机译：在豌豆上

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The life sciences owe a lot to green peas. And perhaps even to the bishop of St Thomas Abbey in Brno - now the Czech Republic. It was there, in the 1850s, that Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884) decided to undertake studies on heredity using mice. The bishop, however, disagreed with research involving animal sex, so his friar turned to the more innocent garden pea. Mendel spent the best part of a decade cross-breeding peas, while considering seven different phenotypic traits that seemed - to him - to be inherited independently: stem length, pod shape, pod colour, seed shape, flower colour, flower location and plant height. Little did he know that the results he so painstakingly jotted down, and which were published in 1866, would bring about a small revolution in the world of biology - although only in the first quarter of the 20th century. And now, 150 years on, science has not only acquired a far finer knowledge in the field of molecular biology but it also has the technology to take a closer look at the genes - and their mutations - that Mendel used to lay down the basis of heredity and its mechanisms. Despite this, however, the products of only four genes have been characterised to date: two enzymes (SBE1 and gibberellin 3beta-hydroxylase), an Myb transcription factor and a biochemical regulator (protein stay-green).
机译：生命科学应归功于豌豆。甚至到布尔诺的圣托马斯修道院主教-现在就是捷克共和国。在1850年代，Gregor Johann Mendel（1822-1884）决定在那里进行小鼠遗传研究。然而，主教不同意有关动物性行为的研究，因此他的修道士转向了更为纯洁的豌豆。孟德尔度过了十年间杂交豌豆的最好时期，同时考虑了七个对他而言似乎是独立遗传的表型特征：茎长，豆荚形状，豆荚颜色，种子形状，花色，花的位置和株高。他几乎不知道他如此刻苦地记录下来的结果于1866年发表，尽管只是在20世纪的前四分之一，但它不会给生物学界带来一场小小的革命。如今，已有150年的历史了，科学不仅在分子生物学领域获得了更深入的知识，而且它还拥有一种技术来仔细研究孟德尔用来奠定其基础的基因及其突变。遗传及其机制。尽管如此，迄今为止，迄今仅表征了四个基因的产物：两种酶（SBE1和赤霉素3β-羟化酶），Myb转录因子和生化调节剂（蛋白质保持绿色）。

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