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Laboratory and field measurements of body composition

机译：人体成分的实验室和野外测量

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ObjectiveThis background paper was prepared in response to a request to review the concepts related to measurement of body composition, to discuss laboratory and field methods of assessing body composition and to discuss the practical applications of the methods a€“ how they might be used singly or in combination to provide data for a selected population.DesignThe common laboratory and field methods are described and discussed, with particular attention to the assumptions involved and the applicability of the methods to the different population groups. Most measurements of body composition are made in the field, at the bedside or clinic as opposed to in the laboratory. The laboratory methods have a role to play in their own right, in research into new concepts, models and methods. However, they are particularly important in establishing the accuracy of the field methods.SettingField, bedside and laboratory studies.SubjectsChildren, adults, the elderly, ethnic groups.ResultsLaboratory estimates of body compositions are best performed by multi-component methods or by 2-component methods adjusted for to the populations under investigation. There is a scarcity of data for most of the populations in the world.ConclusionsEnergy requirements based on body weight are an approximation since they do not take into account differences in body composition, which will better determine the true requirements. The measurement of body composition occurs in many branches of biology and medicine. It is used in the assessment of nutritional and growth status and in disease states and their treatment. Energy stores, skeletal muscle and protein content can be determined and changes monitored. In human energetics, body composition is widely used for the standardisation of other variables, such as basal metabolic rate (BMR), in the assessments of ethnic and environmental differences and of variability and adaptation to different levels of nutrition. Choosing a method is very problematic. Users want simple, inexpensive, rapid, safe accurate methods to measure body composition but speed and simplicity come at the expense of accuracy. Recommendations are made for age, sex, and in some cases, fatness and ethnic specific methods.
机译：目的本背景文件是根据对以下内容的要求而准备的：审查与身体成分测量有关的概念，讨论评估身体成分的实验室和现场方法，并讨论这些方法的实际应用以及如何单独使用或设计描述和讨论了常见的实验室和现场方法，并特别注意所涉及的假设以及该方法对不同人群的适用性。与实验室相比，大多数人体成分测量都是在现场，床边或诊所进行的。实验室方法在研究新概念，模型和方法时，应发挥自己的作用。但是，它们对于建立现场方法的准确性特别重要。设置现场，床旁和实验室研究对象受试者儿童，成年人，老年人，种族群体。结果最好通过多组分方法或2组分方法对人体成分进行实验室估算适应所调查人群的方法。世界上大多数人口的数据都很少。结论基于体重的能量需求是近似值，因为它们没有考虑身体成分的差异，而这会更好地确定实际需求。人体成分的测量发生在生物学和医学的许多分支中。它用于评估营养和生长状况以及疾病状态及其治疗。可以确定能量存储，骨骼肌和蛋白质含量并监控变化。在人体能量学中，人体成分广泛用于其他变量的标准化，例如基础代谢率（BMR），种族和环境差异以及变异性和对不同营养水平的适应性评估。选择一种方法非常有问题。用户想要简单，廉价，快速，安全的准确方法来测量身体成分，但是速度和简单性是以准确性为代价的。针对年龄，性别以及某些情况下的肥胖和特定种族的方法提出了建议。

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