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首页> 外文期刊>Public Health Nutrition >Comparison of dietary intakes of micro- and macronutrients in rural, suburban and urban populations in Costa Rica
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Comparison of dietary intakes of micro- and macronutrients in rural, suburban and urban populations in Costa Rica

机译：哥斯达黎加农村，郊区和城市人口饮食中微量元素和大量营养素的摄入量比较

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Objective:To compare, along with behavioural habits, the potential atherogenicity of diets in rural and urban areas in Costa Rica.Design:Subjects (n = 503) were randomly selected from the general population in Costa Rica. A validated food-frequency questionnaire that inquired about dietary intake in the previous year was administered once to each subject. Each subject provided plasma and an adipose tissue biopsy, which were used as biomarkers for carotenoid, tocopherol and/or fatty acid intakes. Each subject also answered another questionnaire on personal profile and household characteristics.Setting:A dietitian visited all subjects and conducted the interviews at their homes.Subjects:Adult male and female free-living rural, suburban and urban Costa Ricans without a history of physical or mental disability.Results:Subjects in rural areas were significantly (P < 0.05) more active physically, earned less income and had a higher intake of dietary fibre than urban dwellers. Urban residents reported a significantly (P < 0.05) higher consumption of total fat, specifically unsaturated fat mostly from soyabean oil, and had higher plasma and adipose tissue tocopherol and lycopene concentrations. Interestingly, no differences in body mass index were observed.Conclusions:These data show differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors of rural and urban populations in Costa Rica. In rural areas, low socio-economic status and low intake of unsaturated fatty acids appear to be the prevalent CVD risk factors, while in urban areas they were low physical activity, high trans-fatty acids in the diet and adipose tissue, and low dietary fibre intake.
机译：目的：比较行为习惯和哥斯达黎加农村和城市地区饮食的潜在致动脉粥样硬化性。设计：从哥斯达黎加的总人口中随机选择对象（n = 503）。对每个受试者进行一次有效的食物频率问卷调查，询问前一年的饮食摄入量。每个受试者提供血浆和脂肪组织活检，它们用作类胡萝卜素，生育酚和/或脂肪酸摄入量的生物标记。每个受试者还回答了另一份有关个人概况和家庭特征的调查表。地点：营养师拜访了所有受试者并在他们的家中进行了访谈。受试者：成年男性和女性自由生活的农村，郊区和城市哥斯达黎加人，没有身体或健康史结果：与城市居民相比，农村地区的受试者的身体活动显着（P <0.05），收入较低，膳食纤维的摄入量较高。城镇居民报告总脂肪（特别是主要来自豆油的不饱和脂肪）的消耗量显着增加（P <0.05），并且血浆和脂肪组织中的生育酚和番茄红素浓度更高。有趣的是，没有观察到体重指数的差异。结论：这些数据表明哥斯达黎加农村和城市人口心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的差异。在农村地区，低社会经济地位和低摄入不饱和脂肪酸似乎是心血管疾病的普遍危险因素，而在城市地区，他们的体育活动低，饮食和脂肪组织中的反式脂肪酸高，饮食低纤维摄入量。

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