• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Public Health Research & Practice >Assessing the efficacy of cancer screening - PHRP
【24h】

Assessing the efficacy of cancer screening - PHRP

机译：评估癌症筛查的功效-PHRP

获取原文
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Background: Population-based cancer screening has been established for several types of cancer in Australia and internationally. Screening may perform differently in practice from randomised controlled trials, which makes evaluating programs complex. Materials and methods: We discuss how to assess the evidence of benefits and harms of cancer screening, including the main biases that can mislead clinicians and policy makers (such as volunteer, lead-time, length-time and overdiagnosis bias). We also discuss ways in which communication of risks can inform or mislead the community. Results: The evaluation of cancer screening programs should involve balancing the benefits and harms. When considering the overall worth of an intervention and allocation of scarce health resources, decisions should focus on the net benefits and be informed by systematic reviews. Communication of screening outcomes can be misleading. Many messages highlight the benefits while downplaying the harms, and often use relative risks and 5-year survival to persuade people to screen rather than support informed choice. Lessons learned: An evidence based approach is essential when evaluating and communicating the benefits and harms of cancer screening, to minimise misleading biases and the reliance on intuition.
机译：背景：在澳大利亚和国际上，已经针对几种类型的癌症建立了基于人群的癌症筛查。筛选在实践中可能与随机对照试验有所不同，这使得评估程序变得复杂。材料和方法：我们讨论了如何评估癌症筛查的利弊的证据，包括可能误导临床医生和政策制定者的主要偏见（例如自愿者，准备时间，持续时间和过度诊断偏见）。我们还讨论了风险传达可以告知或误导社区的方式。结果：癌症筛查计划的评估应包括平衡利弊。在考虑干预措施的总价值和稀缺医疗资源的分配时，决策应侧重于净收益，并应进行系统的评估。筛查结果的交流可能会产生误导。许多讯息强调了好处，却轻描淡写了危害，并经常利用相对风险和5年生存期来说服人们进行筛选，而不是支持明智的选择。经验教训：在评估和交流癌症筛查的利弊时，以证据为基础的方法至关重要，以最大程度地减少误导性偏见和对直觉的依赖。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号