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首页> 外文期刊>Urban Studies Research >Neighborhood Social Capital, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Change of Neighborhood as Predictors of School Readiness
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Neighborhood Social Capital, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Change of Neighborhood as Predictors of School Readiness

机译：邻里社会资本，邻里弱势和邻里变化是入学准备的预测因素

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Neighborhood income and social capital are considered important for child development, but social capital has rarely been measured directly at an aggregate level. We used Canadian data to derive measures of social capital from aggregated parental judgments of neighborhood collective efficacy and neighborhood safety. Measures of neighborhood income came from Census data. Direct measures of preschoolers’ school readiness were predicted from neighborhood-level variables, with regional indicators and household/parental characteristics taken into account. Our findings show that (1) residing in Quebec, being Black, and having a parent who was born outside Canada are positively associated with children’s living in disadvantaged or low collective efficacy neighborhoods as well as with their living in low-income households. (2) Children’s odds of residential mobility were reduced when the origin neighborhood had higher collective efficacy but increased when the family rented rather than owned. (3) Both neighborhood collective efficacy and children’s ever having lived in a poor neighborhood were correlated with receptive vocabulary scores, but results were mixed for other cognitive dimensions. Children of younger mothers scored worse on receptive vocabulary. There were similar patterns for demographic predictors related to visible minority status, sibship size, and birth order. Neighborhood average income had no effect on cognitive outcomes when the region was controlled.
机译：邻里收入和社会资本被认为对儿童发展很重要，但是社会资本很少直接从总体上衡量。我们使用加拿大的数据从父母对社区集体效能和社区安全的综合判断中得出社会资本的测度。邻里收入的测量来自人口普查数据。根据邻里水平的变量预测了学龄前儿童入学准备的直接方法，同时考虑了区域指标和家庭/父母的特征。我们的研究结果表明：（1）居住在魁北克的黑人，父母在加拿大境外出生，与孩子在弱势或集体效能低下的社区以及在低收入家庭的生活有着积极的联系。 （2）当原籍社区具有更高的集体效力时，儿童居住流动的几率降低，而当家庭租住而不是拥有时，儿童迁徙的几率增加。 （3）邻里集体效能和曾经生活在贫困邻里的孩子都与接受词汇得分相关，但在其他认知维度上结果却不尽相同。年轻母亲的孩子在接受词汇方面得分较差。人口统计预测因素也有类似的模式，与可见的少数民族状况，同胞大小和出生顺序有关。当该地区受到控制时，邻里平均收入对认知结果没有影响。

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