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首页> 外文期刊>Ukrainian Biochemical Journal >Functions of tocopherols in the cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms
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Functions of tocopherols in the cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

机译：生育酚在植物和其他光合生物细胞中的功能

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Tocopherol synthesis has only been observed in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae and some cyanobacteria). Tocopherol is synthesized in the inner membrane of chloroplasts and distributed between chloroplast membranes, thylakoids and plastoglobules. Physiological significance of tocopherols for human and animal is well-studied, but relatively little is known about their function in plant organisms. Among the best characterized functions of tocopherols in cells is their ability to scavenge and quench reactive oxygen species and fat-soluble by-products of oxidative stress. There are the data on the participation of different mechanisms of α-tocopherol action in protecting photosystem II (PS II) from photoinhibition both by deactivation of singlet oxygen produced by PS II and by reduction of proton permeability of thylakoid membranes, leading to acidification of lumen under high light conditions and activation of violaxanthin de-epoxidase. Additional biological activity of tocopherols, independent of its antioxidant functions have been demonstrated. Basic mechanisms for these effects are connected with the modulation of signal transduction pathways by specific tocopherols and, in some instances, by transcriptional activation of gene expression.
机译：仅在光合生物（植物，藻类和某些蓝细菌）中观察到生育酚的合成。生育酚在叶绿体的内膜中合成，并分布在叶绿体膜，类囊体和质小球之间。研究了生育酚对人和动物的生理意义，但对它们在植物有机体中的功能知之甚少。生育酚在细胞中最有特色的功能之一是其清除和淬灭活性氧和氧化应激的脂溶性副产物的能力。有数据表明，α-生育酚的不同作用机制参与了保护光系统II（PS II）免受光抑制的作用，包括通过使PS II产生的单线态氧失活以及降低类囊体膜的质子渗透性，从而导致内腔酸化。在强光条件下激活紫黄质脱环氧酶。已经证明了生育酚的其他生物活性，与其抗氧化功能无关。这些作用的基本机制与特定生育酚的信号转导途径的调节有关，在某些情况下还与基因表达的转录激活有关。

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