Abstract The length of metro lines with driverless train operation (DTO) systems is increasing globally and is predicted to triple in the next 10?years. This paper gives the history and future trend of the DTO systems. The opportunities provided by the DTO systems, such as lower operation costs, increased capacity, and energy efficiency, are explained and the relevant research are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges faced by the DTO systems are analyzed, such as safety issues, train control technology, and emergency situations.
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