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首页> 外文期刊>Polymers >Excellent Fireproof Characteristics and High Thermal Stability of Rice Husk-Filled Polyurethane with Halogen-Free Flame Retardant
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Excellent Fireproof Characteristics and High Thermal Stability of Rice Husk-Filled Polyurethane with Halogen-Free Flame Retardant

机译：无卤阻燃稻壳填充聚氨酯的优异防火性能和高热稳定性

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The thermal stabilities, flame retardancies, and physico-mechanical properties of rice husk-reinforced polyurethane (PU–RH) foams with and without flame retardants (FRs) were evaluated. Their flammability performances were studied by UL94, LOI, and cone calorimetry tests. The obtained results combined with FTIR, TGA, SEM, and XPS characterizations were used to evaluate the fire behaviors of the PU–RH samples. The PU–RH samples with a quite low loading (7 wt%) of aluminum diethylphosphinate (OP) and 32 wt% loading of aluminum hydroxide (ATH) had high thermal stabilities, excellent flame retardancies, UL94 V-0 ratings, and LOIs of 22%–23%. PU–RH did not pass the UL94 HB standard test and completely burned to the holder clamp with a low LOI (19%). The cone calorimetry results indicated that the fireproof characteristics of the PU foam composites were considerably improved by the addition of the FRs. The proposed flame retardancy mechanism and cone calorimetry results are consistent. The comprehensive FTIR spectroscopy, TG, SEM, and XPS analyses revealed that the addition of ATH generated white solid particles, which dispersed and covered the residue surface. The pyrolysis products of OP would self-condense or react with other volatiles generated by the decomposition of PU–RH to form stable, continuous, and thick phosphorus/aluminum-rich residual chars inhibiting the transfer of heat and oxygen. The PU–RH samples with and without the FRs exhibited the normal isothermal sorption hysteresis effect at relative humidities higher than 20%. At lower values, during the desorption, this effect was not observed, probably because of the biodegradation of organic components in the RH. The findings of this study not only contribute to the improvement in combustibility of PU–RH composites and reduce the smoke or toxic fume generation, but also solve the problem of RHs, which are abundant waste resources of agriculture materials leading to the waste disposal management problems.
机译：评估了添加和不添加阻燃剂（FRs）的稻壳增强聚氨酯（PU-RH）泡沫的热稳定性，阻燃性和物理机械性能。通过UL94，LOI和锥形量热法测试研究了它们的可燃性。将获得的结果与FTIR，TGA，SEM和XPS表征相结合，用于评估PU-RH样品的燃烧行为。 PU-RH样品中二乙基次膦酸铝（OP）的负载量非常低（7 wt％），氢氧化铝（ATH）负载量为32 wt％，具有很高的热稳定性，出色的阻燃性，UL94 V-0等级和LOI为22％–23％。 PU–RH未通过UL94 HB标准测试，并以低LOI（19％）完全烧毁了固定夹。锥形量热法的结果表明，通过添加阻燃剂，聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的防火性能得到了显着改善。所提出的阻燃机理和锥体量热结果是一致的。全面的FTIR光谱，TG，SEM和XPS分析表明，添加ATH会生成白色固体颗粒，该颗粒分散并覆盖了残留物表面。 OP的热解产物会自冷凝或与PU-RH分解产生的其他挥发物反应，形成稳定，连续且浓稠的富含磷/铝的残留炭，从而抑制了热量和氧气的传递。具有和不具有FR的PU-RH样品在相对湿度高于20％时表现出正常的等温吸附滞后效应。在较低的值下，在解吸过程中未观察到此效果，这可能是由于RH中有机成分的生物降解。这项研究的结果不仅有助于改善PU-RH复合材料的可燃性并减少烟雾或有毒烟雾的产生，而且还解决了RHs问题，因为RHs是农业原料的丰富浪费资源，导致废物处理管理问题。 。

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