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Tuberculosis and pneumonia in HIV-infected children: an overview

机译：艾滋病毒感染儿童的肺结核和肺炎概述

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Pneumonia remains the most common cause of hospitalization and the most important cause of death in young children. In high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-burden settings, HIV-infected children carry a high burden of lower respiratory tract infection from common respiratory viruses, bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis . In addition, Pneumocystis jirovecii and cytomegalovirus are important opportunistic pathogens. As the vertical transmission risk of HIV decreases and access to antiretroviral therapy increases, the epidemiology of these infections is changing, but HIV-infected infants and children still carry a disproportionate burden of these infections. There is also increasing recognition of the impact of in utero exposure to HIV on the general health of exposed but uninfected infants. The reasons for this increased risk are not limited to socioeconomic status or adverse environmental conditions—there is emerging evidence that these HIV-exposed but uninfected infants may have particular immune deficits that could increase their vulnerability to respiratory pathogens. We discuss the impact of tuberculosis and other lower respiratory tract infections on the health of HIV-infected infants and children.
机译：肺炎仍然是儿童住院的最常见原因，也是最重要的死亡原因。在高人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）负担的环境中，感染HIV的儿童承受着常见呼吸道病毒，细菌和结核分枝杆菌的下呼吸道感染的高负担。此外，吉氏肺孢子虫和巨细胞病毒是重要的机会病原体。随着艾滋病毒的垂直传播风险降低以及获得抗逆转录病毒疗法的机会增加，这些感染的流行病学正在发生变化，但是感染艾滋病毒的婴儿和儿童仍然承担着这些感染的不成比例的负担。人们也越来越认识到子宫内暴露于HIV对暴露但未感染婴儿的总体健康的影响。风险增加的原因不仅限于社会经济状况或不利的环境条件-越来越多的证据表明，这些暴露于艾滋病毒但未感染的婴儿可能具有特殊的免疫缺陷，可能增加其对呼吸道病原体的脆弱性。我们讨论了结核病和其他下呼吸道感染对受HIV感染的婴幼儿健康的影响。

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