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Lung function in HIV-infected children and adolescents

机译：感染艾滋病毒的儿童和青少年的肺功能

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Background The advent of antiretroviral therapy has led to the improved survival of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children to adulthood and to HIV becoming a chronic disease in older children and adolescents. Chronic lung disease is common among HIV-infected adolescents. Lung function measurement may help to delineate the spectrum, pathophysiology and guide therapy for HIV-related chronic lung disease. Aim The aim of this study was to review the available data on the spectrum and determinants of lung function abnormalities and the impact of antiretroviral therapy on lung function in perinatally HIV-infected children and adolescents. Methods Electronic databases “PUBMED”, “African wide” and “CINAHL” via EBSCO Host, using the MeSH terms “Respiratory function” AND “HIV” OR “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome” AND “Children” OR “Adolescents”, were searched for relevant articles on lung function in HIV-infected children and adolescents. The search was limited to English language articles published between January 1984 and September 2017. Results Eighteen articles were identified, which included studies from Africa, the United States of America (USA) and Italy, representing 2051 HIV-infected children and adolescents, 68% on antiretroviral therapy, aged from 50?days to 24?years. Lung function abnormalities showed HIV-infected participants had increased irreversible lower airway expiratory obstruction and reduced functional aerobic impairment on exercise, compared to HIV-uninfected participants. Mosaic attenuation, extent of bronchiectasis, history of previous pulmonary tuberculosis or previous lower respiratory tract infection and cough for more than 1 month were associated with low lung function. Pulmonary function tests in children established on antiretroviral therapy did not show aerobic impairment and had less severe airway obstruction. Conclusion There is increasing evidence that HIV-infected children and adolescents have high prevalence of lung function impairment, predominantly irreversible lower airway obstruction and reduced aerobic function.
机译：背景技术抗逆转录病毒疗法的出现导致感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的儿童存活至成年期的增加，并且使HIV成为大龄儿童和青少年的慢性疾病。慢性肺部疾病在感染HIV的青少年中很常见。肺功能测量可能有助于勾勒出与HIV相关的慢性肺部疾病的频谱，病理生理学并指导治疗。目的本研究的目的是回顾有关围产期感染艾滋病毒的儿童和青少年肺功能异常的频谱和决定因素以及抗逆转录病毒疗法对肺功能的影响的可用数据。方法通过EBSCO主机，使用MeSH术语“呼吸功能”和“ HIV”或“后天免疫机能丧失综合症”和“儿童”或“青少年”，通过电子数据库“ PUBMED”，“非洲范围”和“ CINAHL”进行搜索关于艾滋病毒感染的儿童和青少年肺功能的文章。该搜索仅限于1984年1月至2017年9月之间发表的英语文章。结果确定了18篇文章，其中包括来自非洲，美利坚合众国（美国）和意大利的研究，代表2051年被HIV感染的儿童和青少年，占68％接受抗逆转录病毒治疗，年龄从50天到24岁。与未感染HIV的参与者相比，肺功能异常表明，感染HIV的参与者在运动时增加了不可逆的下呼吸道阻塞，并减少了运动中的有氧运动障碍。马赛克衰减，支气管扩张程度，既往有肺结核病史或既往下呼吸道感染史以及咳嗽超过1个月与肺功能低下有关。对接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的儿童进行的肺功能检查未显示有氧障碍，严重程度较小的气道阻塞也没有。结论越来越多的证据表明，感染HIV的儿童和青少年肺功能障碍的患病率很高，主要是不可逆的下呼吸道阻塞和有氧功能降低。

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