Acute And Subacute Toxicity Of Aqueous Extract Of Abrus Precatorius Seed In Wister Rats

Rita Maneju Sunday; Olapade .R. Ilesanmi; Efere .M. Obuotor

摘要

In this study, acute toxicity of aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius seed was carried out in mice and Wister rats by oral (p.o.) and intraperitoneal route (i.p.) while subacute toxicity was evaluated in Wister rats (i.p.). The LD50 of the extract in mice was greater than 5000 mg/kg (p.o.) and 0.71 mg/kg (i.p.) while in rats it was 316.20 mg/kg (p.o.) and 0.35 mg/kg (i.p.). In subacute toxicity studies, the extract elicited a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight, red blood cell count, lymphocyte count, feed and water intake, and significant (p<0.05) increase in white blood cell count and eosinophil count. Biochemical investigation showed a significant (p<0.05) change in serum and liver cholesterol, alkaline phosphate, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and albumin. The study concluded that the aqueous extract of A. precatorius seed could possess moderate toxicity and adequate caution should be exercised in its use in ethnomedicine. Introductuion A. precatorius plant is a slender, annual plant that has a small, high climbing tropical vine that twines around trees, shrubs and hedges (Frohne and Pfander, 1983). It grows in tropical climates such as West Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, the Philippine Islands, South China and North America. The seeds are commonly known as Rosary pea, crab's eye (Fosberget al., 1979) and Ojuologbo in south-western Nigeria. The seeds are used as anodyne, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, emollient, febrifuge, laxative, purgative, refrigerant, sedative, vermifuge and are also considered as abortifacient (Nath et al., 1992). Various African tribes use powdered seeds as oral contraceptives. In China the herb of A.precatorius is used as a folk-medicine for the treatment of bronchitis, laryngitis and hepatitis because of their platelet inhibiting activity (Kuo et al., 1995)The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential toxicity of aqueous extract of A. precatorius seed due to its wide spread use in ethnomedicine. Materials And Methods The animal experiments were performed according to the approved guidelines of the Obafemi Awolowo University research ethics committee.Plant collection and extractionDry seeds of A. precatorius plant, were obtained from a local market in Ile-Ife (Osun state) and were authenticated by Mr. G. Ibhanesebhor of Ife-Herbarium, Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria. A voucher specimen (No. 16282) was deposited at Ife-Herbarium. 1.0 kg of dried seeds of A. precatorius were ground into powder soaked in distilled water overnight and then filtered using muslin cloth and cotton wool in funnel. The filtrate was then concentrated in vacuo to give a residue (yield, 27.7% w/w). AnimalsThirty-six albino mice of both sexes weighing between 20-24g and fifty-six Wister rats weighing between 150-190g were obtained from Animal House, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. They were kept in well ventilated polypopylene cages with steel grid floors and were given standard feed (produced by Ola Dokun, Ibadan, Nigeria) and water ad libitum. They were allowed to acclimatize with the environment at ambient temperature under natural day lightight conditions for two weeks before the start of the experiment. ChemicalsAssay kits for the estimation of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, cholesterol and bilirubin were purchased from Randox Laboratories Limited, U.K. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.Acute toxicity testingAcute toxicity studies were carried out using the method of Lorke, 1983. In the first phase, nine mice randomly divided into three groups of three mice each were given 10, 100 and 1000 mg extract/kg body weight p.o (via a cannula). The mice were observed for signs of adverse effects which include but not limited to paw-licking, salivation, stretching, rubbing of nose on the floor and wall of cage, change in body

机译：在这项研究中，通过口服（p.o.）和腹膜内途径（i.p.）在小鼠和Wister大鼠中进行了Abrus precatorius种子水提取物的急性毒性，而在Wister大鼠（i.p.）中评估了亚急性毒性。小鼠中提取物的LD50大于5000 mg / kg（p.o.）和0.71 mg / kg（i.p.），而在大鼠中则为316.20 mg / kg（p.o.）和0.35 mg / kg（i.p.）。在亚急性毒性研究中，该提取物引起体重，红细胞计数，淋巴细胞计数，饲料和水摄入量显着减少（p <0.05），白细胞计数和嗜酸性粒细胞计数显着增加（p <0.05）。生化研究表明，血清和肝胆固醇，碱性磷酸酯，丙氨酸转氨酶，天冬氨酸转氨酶和白蛋白有显着（p <0.05）变化。研究得出的结论是，Precatorius种子的水提物可能具有中等毒性，因此在民族药中应谨慎行事。简介A. precatorius植物是一种细长的一年生植物，有一个小的高海拔热带藤蔓，缠绕在树木，灌木和树篱周围（Frohne和Pfander，1983年）。它生长在西非，印度，斯里兰卡，泰国，菲律宾群岛，华南和北美等热带气候中。种子通常被称为念珠豌豆，蟹眼（Fosberget等，1979）和尼日利亚西南部的Ojuologbo。种子用作止痛药，壮阳药，抗微生物药，利尿药，催吐药，祛痰药，润肤剂，发热药，泻药，泻药，制冷剂，镇静剂，驱虫药，也被认为是流产剂（Nath等，1992）。各种非洲部落使用粉状种子作为口服避孕药。在中国，由于其抑制血小板的活性，A.precatorius的草药被用作治疗支气管炎，喉炎和肝炎的民间药物（Kuo等，1995）。百日草种子的水提物，因为它在民族药中广泛使用。材料和方法根据Obafemi Awolowo大学研究道德委员会批准的指南进行动物实验。植株的提取和抽提A. precatorius植物的干种子购自Ile-Ife（奥森州）的当地市场并经过验证尼日利亚Obafemi Awolowo大学植物学系Ife-Herbarium的G. Ibhanesebhor先生。凭证样本（编号16282）存放在Ife-Herbarium。将1.0kg干燥的A.precatorius种子研磨成粉末，将其浸泡在蒸馏水中过夜，然后用平纹细布和棉绒在漏斗中过滤。然后将滤液真空浓缩，得到残余物（产率为27.7％w / w）。动物从尼日利亚奥巴费米·阿沃洛沃大学药理学系药理学系动物屋（Animal House）获得，体重在20-24g之间的三十六只白化病小鼠和体重在150-190g之间的五十六只Wister大鼠，从尼日利亚伊费-伊法获得。将它们饲养在通风良好的带有钢格板地板的聚乙烯笼中，并按标准喂食（由尼日利亚伊巴丹的Ola Dokun生产）和自由饮水。在实验开始之前，让他们在自然光/夜间条件下在环境温度下适应环境两个星期。化学药品用于评估血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶，天冬氨酸氨基转移酶，白蛋白，胆固醇和胆红素的试剂盒购自英国Randox Laboratories Limited。所有其他化学药品均为分析纯。急性毒性试验采用Lorke，1983的方法进行急性毒性研究。在第一阶段，将九只小鼠随机分为三组，每组三只，每只小鼠口服10、100和1000 mg提取物/ kg体重（通过套管）。观察到小鼠有不良反应的迹象，包括但不限于舔爪，流涎，拉伸，在笼子的地板和墙壁上鼻子的摩擦，身体的变化

Acute And Subacute Toxicity Of Aqueous Extract Of Abrus Precatorius Seed In Wister Rats

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