Pharmacological Basis For Antianaphylactic, Antihistaminic And Mast Cell Stabilization Activity Of Ocimum Sanctum

G. Sridevi; P. Gopkumar; Shenoy Ashok; C.S. Shastry

摘要

Purpose: The present paper reports the antianaphylactic, antihistaminic and mast cell stabilization activity of Ocimum sanctum leaf extract on various experimental models. Methods: After optimizing the dose the extract was tested for its therapeutic activity using Wistar rats and Duncan Hartley guinea pigs. The antianaphylactic activity was investigated in rats using the active anaphylaxis model. The effect on mast cell stabilization was performed by ex vivo challenge of antigen in sensitized rat intestinal mesenteries. Antihistaminic activity was studied in guinea pigs using histamine-induced bronchospasm where preconvulsive dyspnea was used as an end point following exposure to histamine aerosol. Results: The findings from various studies reveal that the antihistaminic and antianaphylactic activity of extract which is mainly due to its mast cell stabilizing potential, suppression of IgE, and inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators Conclusion: Thus use of Ocimum sanctum leaves proved the strong rationale behind the mentioned therapeutic activities. Introduction Allergy is one of the common diseases that affect mankind with diverse manifestations. The prevalence of allergy and asthma has risen in the recent years despite an improvement in the general health of the population 1 . Allergic diseases are responsible for significant morbidity and have severe economic impact 2 . Various epidemiological studies have identified the causes for an increase in the prevalence of upper and lower respiratory tract allergic diseases. Some of the postulated reasons are increasing environmental pollution 3 and increased predisposition of individuals producing excessive IgE through a major change in the gene pool, changing lifestyles, and an increasing awareness of the disorders 4 .Intensive research during the last several decades has highlighted the role of lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, mast cells, and various autacoids in the etiopathogenesis of allergic conditions. Inspite of the voluminous literature on the subject, the treatment of allergic diseases continues to be far from satisfactory. The available treatment options for upper and lower respiratory tract allergic diseases have major limitations owing to low efficacy, associated adverse events, and compliance issues 5 . Ocimum sanctum (Sanskrit:Tulasi; family: Labiaceae), is found throughout the semitropical and tropical parts of India. Ocimum sanctum commonly known as holy basil is a herbaceous sacred plant found through out India. Different parts of the plant are traditionally used in Ayurveda and Siddha systems for the treatment of diverse ailments like infections, skin diseases, hepatic disorders and as an antidote for snake bite and scorpion sting 6 . Indian material medica describes the use the plant in a verity of ailments. Different parts of plant like stem, flower, seed, leaves, root etc are known to possess therapeutic potential and have been used, by traditional medicinal practitioners, as expectorant, analgesic, anticancer, antiasthamatic, antiemetic, diaphoretic, antidiabetic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, hypotensive and antistress agent. Tulsi has also been used in treatment of fever, bronchitis, arthritis and convulsion 78 .A review of the literature mentions the use of plant in allergic conditions. However, there is no scientific data available to authenticate the folklore claim as well there is no scientific evaluation regarding its activity profile. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate the antianaphylactic, antihistaminic and mast cell stabilization activity of alcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum leaves. The therapeutic activity of the test extract was studied on the active anaphylaxis, mast cell stabilization in rats, and histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs 8 . Materials And Methods Plant materialPlant leaves were collected localy. The leaves were authenticated by Dr. Gopalakrishna Bhat, Department of Botany, Poorna Prajna College, U

机译：目的：本论文报道了圣殿叶提取物在各种实验模型上的抗过敏，抗组胺和肥大细胞稳定活性。方法：优化剂量后，使用Wistar大鼠和Duncan Hartley豚鼠测试提取物的治疗活性。使用主动过敏模型对大鼠的抗过敏活性进行了研究。对肥大细胞稳定的作用是通过在致敏的大鼠肠系膜中对抗原进行离体攻击来完成的。使用组胺诱导的支气管痉挛在豚鼠中研究了抗组胺活性，其中以阵发前呼吸困难为暴露于组胺气雾剂后的终点。结果：各种研究结果表明，提取物的抗组胺和抗过敏活性主要归因于其肥大细胞的稳定潜力，IgE的抑制和炎性介质的释放抑制。结论：因此，使用圣殿叶证明了强烈的理由。背后提到的治疗活动。简介过敏是影响人类多种表现形式的常见疾病之一。尽管人口的总体健康状况有所改善，但近年来过敏和哮喘的患病率仍在上升1。过敏性疾病是造成高发病率的原因，并具有严重的经济影响2。各种流行病学研究已经确定了上呼吸道和下呼吸道过敏性疾病患病率增加的原因。推测的一些原因是环境污染的增加3，以及通过基因库的重大变化，生活方式的改变以及对疾病的认识的提高而产生过量IgE的个体的易感性4。近几十年来的深入研究突显了其作用淋巴细胞，免疫球蛋白，肥大细胞和各种autacoids在变应性疾病的发病机制中的作用。尽管有大量关于该主题的文献，但是过敏性疾病的治疗仍然远远不能令人满意。上呼吸道和下呼吸道过敏性疾病的可用治疗选择由于疗效低，相关的不良事件和依从性问题而受到很大限制5。 Ocimum sanctum（梵语：Tulasi;家族：唇形科）遍布印度的亚热带和热带地区。通常被称为圣罗勒的圣殿是一种遍及印度的草本神圣植物。传统上，该植物的不同部位用于阿育吠陀和悉达系统中，用于治疗各种疾病，如感染，皮肤病，肝病以及蛇咬和蝎ing的解毒剂6。印度的中药描述了该植物在多种疾病中的使用。已知植物的不同部分（例如茎，花，种子，叶，根等）具有治疗潜力，并已被传统的医学从业人员用作祛痰剂，止痛剂，抗癌剂，抗流失，止吐，发汗，抗糖尿病，抗生育，保肝，降压和抗应激药。 Tulsi也已用于治疗发烧，支气管炎，关节炎和惊厥78。文献综述提到在过敏性条件下使用植物。但是，没有科学数据可用于验证民间文学艺术主张，也没有关于其活动概况的科学评估。因此，进行本研究以评价圣殿叶含酒精提取物的抗过敏，抗组胺和肥大细胞稳定活性。研究了测试提取物对大鼠的主动过敏反应，肥大细胞稳定以及组胺诱导的豚鼠支气管痉挛的治疗活性8。材料和方法植物材料本地收集植物叶片。叶子由美国Poorna Prajna学院植物学系Gopalakrishna Bhat博士认证

Pharmacological Basis For Antianaphylactic, Antihistaminic And Mast Cell Stabilization Activity Of Ocimum Sanctum

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