Assessment Of The Antibacterial Activity Of Vernonia Amygdalina And Occimum Gratissimum Leaves On Selected Food Borne Pathogens

TA Ibrahim; Lola Ajala; F.O Adetuyi; B. Jude-Ojei

摘要

The bioactive compounds activities of leaves extracts of two Nigerian edible vegetables were carried out by agar well diffusion method on selected food borne pathogens of medical significance. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of these plants leaves were tested against E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus Shigella dysentriae and Salmonella typhimurium with the later showing better and significant anitibacterial activity on all the test isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both extracts ranged between 7.5mg/ml -25mg/ml for aqueous extract and 12.5mg/ml -15mg/ml for ethanolic extract. The extracts of these plants may be used to treat gastroenteritis at the various concentration used for this work. Introduction The search for newer sources of antibiotics is a global challenge preoccupying research institution, pharmaceutical companies and academia, since many infection agents are becoming resistance to synthetic drugs(Latha and Kannabiran,2006).Plants have the major advantage of still being the most effective and cheaper alternative sources of drugs. The local use of natural plants as primary health remedies due to their pharmacological properties is quite common in Asia, Latin America and Africa (Bibitha et al,2002)Many plants are consumed as food without in-depth knowledge of their exact chemical composition and contribution to health, although their utilization has passed through several ancestral generations who probably realized from experience that those plant food materials are beneficial (Ghani et al, 1989). Traditional therapy involves the use of plant exacts or their active principles which may serve as a source of modern drugs and source of intermediate compounds for synthesizing analog drugs with more desirable properties (Akerele, 1993). The development of medicinal chemistry, as a major route for the discovery of novel and more active therapeutic agents, further investigation into the chemical and biological activities of the plants needed to be carried out (Rao & Roja, 2002). The work is to evaluate the antibacterial activity of these two Nigerian edible vegetables on selected food borne pathogens of medical significance as the results will increase the knowledge on the tradomedical use of these plants. Materials And Methods COLLECTION OF PLANT MATERIALS: Fresh, pesticide free leaves of both plants were collected from University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Ogun State.TEST ORGANISMS: The test organisms used for the study were medical isolates collected from the microbiology unit of University of Lagos, Teaching Hospital, Idiaraba, Lagos. Their identification was re-affirmed using standard methods of Cheesebroug (1991).EXTRACTION :( Aqueous and Ethanolic Extraction): The extracts were prepared as described by Madunagu et al (2001). The leaves samples were thoroughly rinsed with sterile distilled water and sodium hypochlorite for surface sterilization. 20g of ground pulp of each plant’s leaves were added to 100mlof sterile distilled water and ethanol (95%) for 72hours. The extracts were filtered using what man no.1 filter paper and membrane filter for sterilization. The extracts were concentrated with rotary evaporator before been stored in the refrigerator at 40c prior to use. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING: The extracts were re-screened for bioactive agent according to the methods described by Jigna et al (2006). Components screened for were saponin, tannins, alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, glycoside, coumarine and reducing compounds.ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING: Five different concentrations of the extracts were prepared 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 30mg/ml, 40mg/ml, and 50mg/ml and tested against the tests organism by agar-well diffusion method of Aida et al ;(2001) A combination of equal volumes and concentration of extracts of the two plants were used to repeat the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the extracts using the methods described earlier.DETERMINATION OF MINIMUM INHIBITOR

机译：通过琼脂井扩散法，对选定的具有医学意义的食源性病原体进行了两种尼日利亚可食用蔬菜叶提取物的生物活性化合物活性的研究。测试了这些植物叶片的水提取物和乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，蜡状芽孢杆菌痢疾志贺氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抵抗力，而后者对所有测试分离株均表现出更好和显着的抑菌活性。两种提取物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）对于水性提取物为7.5mg / ml -25mg / ml，对于乙醇提取物为12.5mg / ml -15mg / ml。这些植物的提取物可用于治疗这项工作的各种浓度的肠胃炎。引言寻找新的抗生素来源是研究机构，制药公司和学术界的一项全球性挑战，因为许多感染剂已对合成药物产生耐药性（Latha和Kannabiran，2006年）。植物具有的主要优势是仍然是最有效的和更便宜的替代药物来源。由于天然植物的药理特性，在当地使用天然植物作为主要的健康疗法在亚洲，拉丁美洲和非洲非常普遍（Bibitha等人，2002）。许多植物被当作食物食用，但没有深入了解其确切的化学组成和作用尽管它们的利用已经经历了几代人的祖先，但他们从经验中可能已经意识到这些植物性食物材料是有益的（Ghani等，1989）。传统疗法涉及使用植物确切成分或其有效成分，这些成分可作为现代药物的来源和中间体化合物的来源，用于合成具有更理想特性的类似药物（Akerele，1993）。药物化学的发展，作为发现新型和更具活性的治疗剂的主要途径，需要进一步研究植物的化学和生物活性（Rao＆Roja，2002）。这项工作是评估这两种尼日利亚食用蔬菜对某些具有医学意义的食源性病原体的抗菌活性，因为其结果将增加对这些植物的tratradically使用的认识。材料和方法植物材料的收集：两种植物的新鲜，无农药的叶子均从阿贝库塔奥贡州农业大学采集。测试有机体：用于研究的测试生物是从拉各斯大学微生物学部门收集的医学分离株，拉各斯Idiaraba教学医院。使用Cheesebroug（1991）的标准方法再次确认了它们的鉴定。提取物：（水和乙醇提取）：提取物的制备方法如Madunagu等人（2001年）所述。将叶片样品用无菌蒸馏水和次氯酸钠彻底冲洗，以进行表面灭菌。将每棵植物叶子的20克磨碎的果肉加入100毫升无菌蒸馏水和乙醇（95％）中72小时。提取液用1号滤纸和膜滤器进行过滤灭菌。提取液用旋转蒸发仪浓缩，然后在使用前在40℃的冰箱中保存。理化筛选：根据Jigna等人（2006）所述的方法，对提取物中的生物活性剂进行重新筛选。筛选出的成分包括皂苷，单宁，生物碱，多酚，类黄酮，糖苷，香豆素和还原性化合物。抗菌药敏试验：制备了五种不同浓度的提取物，分别为10mg / ml，20mg / ml，30mg / ml，40mg / ml和10mg / ml。 50mg / ml并通过Aida等人的琼脂井扩散法对测试生物进行测试;（2001）将等体积和浓度的两种植物提取物组合用于重复评估提取物的抗菌活性。前面描述的方法。最小抑制剂的确定

Assessment Of The Antibacterial Activity Of Vernonia Amygdalina And Occimum Gratissimum Leaves On Selected Food Borne Pathogens

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