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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Academic Physician Assistants >The Effect of High Frequency Ultrasound on the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in Long-term Care Patients
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The Effect of High Frequency Ultrasound on the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in Long-term Care Patients

机译：高频超声对长期护理患者压疮的预防作用

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This study was conducted to show a reduction of pressure ulcers in the long-term care setting by the additional usage of high frequency ultrasound. The study allowed physician assistant students to work together as a health care team, improve interactions and collaborative plans to address the needs of the elderly with a higher risk of pressure ulcers within a nursing home. This study failed to show that using high frequency ultrasound in addition to lower Braden Scales added to a lower pressure ulcer incidence. High frequency ultrasound may be better used to identify new patients as being at risk for pressure ulcer development so immediate preventive protocols can be implemented. It may also be useful in the hospital setting to allow for ulcer detection prior to the patients admission, and therefore treatments may be covered by Medicare which is no longer paying for hospital acquired pressure ulcers. Introduction In 2005, America spent close to 2 trillion dollars on health care.1 The cost of providing health care in the older American is three to five times greater than the cost for someone younger than 65.2 The number of persons in the U.S. who are 65 and over is expected to double within the next 25 years.2 By 2030, almost one out of five Americans, some 71 million people, will be 65 years or older.2 “The population age 65 and over is increasing at a faster rate than the total population.”1 “By 2040, the population age 75 years of age and over will exceed the population 65-74 years of age.”1 The cost of health care is therefore a major concern for America’s elderly.Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania has a large geriatric population. According to the 2000 census, approximately twenty percent of the population in Wilkes-Barre was 65 years old and older, compared with eighteen percent in Wilkes-Barres’ county of Luzerne, fifteen percent in the state of Pennsylvania, and twelve percent in the United States.345 Wilkes-Barre, therefore, has an eight percent higher population aged 65 years old and older than the nation. Many of these residents are now residing in nursing homes in the area. “In 2000, 4.5 percent of people aged 75-84 and 18.2 percent of those 85 and older lived in nursing homes.”6 Nursing home care accounted for 7% of personal health care expenditures in 2005.1 The development of pressure ulcers in nursing homes can add to these expenditures. The prevalence rate for pressure ulcers in long term care facilities is approximately 9% .[[[7 “]]]More than 20% of residents who have been in long-term care facilities for 2 or more years will develop at least one pressure ulcer.8Pressure ulcers are a major health problem in the United States, and are especially prevalent in the elderly, due primarily to increased co-morbidities and chronic medical conditions in this population. The incidence and economic burden of this disease has been increasing yearly—”estimates are that between 1.5 and 3 million people in the United States have pressure ulcers and that these chronic wounds cost approximately $5 billion annually to treat.”9Health care professionals are seeing a rise in the numbers of pressure ulcers in hospitals, assisted living facilities, patients’ residences and long term care facilities. It is essential for health care providers to recognize the symptoms early and to treat them appropriately and aggressively in order to prevent progression of the disease and associated adverse events that occur from prolonged breakdown of tissue. In addition, providers should recognize the major risk factors of pressure ulcers in their patients and treat them assertively, taking preventive medical measures to help reverse the progression of this disease process. The development of pressure ulcers in long-term placement facilities increases patients’ mortality and infection rate of soft tissue, bone, and blood. Pressure ulcers are too often associated with patient suffering, morbidity, and mortality. Overall, patients with pressure ulcers have a
机译：这项研究的目的是通过增加高频超声的使用来减少长期护理环境中压疮的发生。该研究允许医师助理学生作为医疗团队一起工作，改善互动和协作计划，以解决养老院中压疮风险较高的老年人的需求。这项研究未能表明，除了使用较低的Braden量表之外，还使用高频超声可以降低压力性溃疡的发生率。高频超声可以更好地用于识别有压力性溃疡发展风险的新患者，因此可以立即采取预防措施。在医院环境中允许在患者入院前进行溃疡检测也可能很有用，因此Medicare可以覆盖治疗范围，Medicare不再为医院获得性压疮支付费用。引言2005年，美国在医疗保健上的支出接近2万亿美元。1在年长的美国人中，提供医疗保健的费用是65.2岁以下美国人的三到五倍。并有望在未来25年内翻一番。2到2030年，几乎五分之一的美国人（约7100万人）将达到65岁或以上。2“ 65岁及65岁以上的人口增长速度超过总人口。” 1“到2040年，年龄在75岁及以上的人口将超过65-74岁的人口。” 1因此，医疗保健成本是美国老年人关注的主要问题。Wilkes-Barre，宾夕法尼亚州的老年人口很大。根据2000年的人口普查，威尔克斯-巴雷（Wilkes-Barre）的人口中约有20％年龄在65岁及以上，而威尔克斯-巴雷斯（Wilkes-Barres）的卢泽恩县（Luzerne）占18％，宾夕法尼亚州占15％，美利坚合众国占12％。 345。因此，威尔克斯-巴里（Wilkes-Barre）的65岁及65岁以上的人口比全国高出8％。这些居民中许多现在住在该地区的疗养院。 “ 2000年，年龄在75-84岁之间的人中有4.5％居住在养老院中，而在85岁以上的人中则有18.2％生活在养老院中。” 6养老院在2005年占个人医疗保健支出的7％。1养老院中压疮的发展可以加上这些支出。长期护理机构中压疮的患病率约为9％。[[[7“]]超过20％的长期护理机构中居住2年或以上的居民会形成至少一种压力溃疡。8压力性溃疡是美国的主要健康问题，在老年人中尤为普遍，这主要是由于该人群的合并症和慢性病增加。这种疾病的发病率和经济负担每年都在增加，“估计美国有1.5到300万人患有压疮，这些慢性伤口每年的治疗费用约为50亿美元。” 9医疗保健专业人员医院，辅助生活设施，患者住所和长期护理设施中压疮的数量增加。对于医疗保健提供者而言，至关重要的是及早识别症状并适当，积极地治疗它们，以防止疾病的进展以及因组织长期破裂而发生的相关不良事件。此外，医护人员应认识到患者中压疮的主要危险因素，并果断地对待他们，采取预防性医学措施以帮助逆转这种疾病过程的进展。长期放置设施中压疮的发展会增加患者的死亡率以及软组织，骨骼和血液的感染率。压疮经常与患者的痛苦，发病率和死亡率有关。总体而言，患有压疮的患者有

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