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Is addiction a myth? Donald Davidson’s solution to the problem of akrasia says not*

机译：上瘾是神话吗？唐纳德·戴维森（Donald Davidson）对阿克萨斯问题的解决方案说不*

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Heather, N., & Segal, G. (2015). Is addiction a myth? Donald Davidson’s solution to the problem of akrasia says not*. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 77-83. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.195 An obvious problem for the concept of addiction is its portrayal as involving involuntary behavior in the face of the addict’s intentional actions. This has led some writers to call addiction a myth and to describe the self-labeling of persons as addicts as an illustration of causal attribution. We argue that this position is seriously mistaken. We propose that it is possible to construct a meaningful concept of addiction without assuming it involves completely involuntary behavior and to do so within the language of agents engaging in intentional action. One way of doing so arises from the work of Donald Davidson (1917-2003), particularly his essay "How is weakness of the will possible?" (Davidson, 1969). Davidson proposes a solution to the classic philosophical problem (called the problem of akrasia or incontinence) of how it is logically possible for someone to perform an action against her better judgement, and his solution is relevant to an understanding of addiction (i.e., addiction is a class of akratic action). Thus, Davidson’s solution to this philosophical problem is also an answer to the question of how it is possible to understand addiction without assuming it entails completely involuntary behavior. At the same time, Davidson’s conclusion at the end of his essay—that the akrates cannot give a reason for preferring incontinent over continent action—suggests what addicts mean when they say they feel compelled to behave the way they do .
机译：Heather，N.，＆Segal，G.（2015年）。上瘾是神话吗？唐纳德·戴维森（Donald Davidson）对阿克萨斯问题的解决方案说不*。国际酒精与药物研究杂志，4（1），77-83。 doi：http：//dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.195上瘾概念的一个明显问题是其刻画为在面对上瘾者的故意行为时涉及非自愿行为。这使一些作家将成瘾称为神话，并把对人作为成瘾者的自我标签描述为因果归因的例证。我们认为这个立场是严重错误的。我们建议，有可能构建一个有意义的成瘾概念，而不必假定它完全涉及非自愿行为，并且可以以从事故意行为的代理人的语言来这样做。唐纳德·戴维森（Donald Davidson）（1917-2003）的工作提出了一种这样做的方法，特别是他的论文“意志的弱点怎么可能？” （戴维森，1969年）。戴维森（Davidson）提出了一个经典哲学问题的解决方案（称为痴呆症或尿失禁问题），该问题在逻辑上可能使某人对她更好的判断采取行动，而他的解决方案与对成瘾的理解（即成瘾是一类特技动作）。因此，戴维森（Davidson）对这一哲学问题的解决方案也是对以下问题的答案：如何在不假定完全依赖他人行为的情况下理解成瘾。同时，戴维森（Davidson）在论文末尾的结论（即无知的人无法提供比大陆行动更喜欢失禁的理由）建议吸毒者在说自己感到被迫按照自己的方式行事时的意思。

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