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Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis

机译：成瘾假说

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Ylikoski, P., & P?yh?nen, S. (2015). Addiction-as-a-kind hypothesis. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4 (1), 21-25. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.189 The psychiatric category of addiction has recently been broadened to include new behaviors. This has prompted critical discussion about the value of a concept that covers so many different substances and activities. Many of the debates surrounding the notion of addiction stem from different views concerning what kind of a thing addiction fundamentally is. In this essay, we put forward an account that conceptualizes different addictions as sharing a cluster of relevant properties (the syndrome) that is supported by a matrix of causal mechanisms. According to this "addiction-as-a-kind" hypothesis, several different kinds of substance and behavioral addictions can be thought of as instantiations of the same thing—addiction. We show how a clearly articulated account of addiction can facilitate empirical research and the theoretical integration of different perspectives on addiction. The causal matrix approach provides a promising alternative to existing accounts of the nature of psychiatric disorders, the traditional disease model, and its competitors. It is a positive addition to discussions about diagnostic criteria, and sheds light on how psychiatric classification may be integrated with research done in other scientific fields. We argue that it also provides a plausible approach to understanding comorbidity.
机译：Ylikoski，P.和P？yh？nen，S.（2015）。成瘾作为一种假设。国际酒精与药物研究杂志，4（1），21-25。 doi：http：//dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i1.189最近，对成瘾的精神病学类别进行了扩展，以包括新行为。这就引发了关于涵盖许多不同物质和活动的概念的价值的批判性讨论。关于成瘾概念的许多争论源于关于成瘾从根本上是什么类型的不同观点。在本文中，我们提出了一个概念，该概念将不同的成瘾概念化为共享因果机制矩阵支持的一组相关属性（综合症）。根据这种“成瘾即成瘾”的假设，可以将几种不同的物质成瘾和行为成瘾视为同一事物（成瘾）的实例。我们展示了关于成瘾的清晰表述如何有助于实证研究以及成瘾的不同观点的理论整合。因果矩阵方法为现有关于精神疾病，传统疾病模型及其竞争者性质的描述提供了一种有希望的替代方法。这是对诊断标准讨论的积极补充，并阐明了精神病分类如何与其他科学领域的研究相结合。我们认为，这也为理解合并症提供了一种可行的方法。

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