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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet Journal of Tropical Medicine >Comparing The Antibacteria Activity Of Ethanolic Extract Of Vernonia amygdalina and Occimum gratissimum with someAntibiotics of choice
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Comparing The Antibacteria Activity Of Ethanolic Extract Of Vernonia amygdalina and Occimum gratissimum with someAntibiotics of choice

机译：杏仁核紫花和免费提供的Occimum gratissimum乙醇提取物的抗菌活性与部分抗生素的比较

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Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Ocimum gratissimum were assessed for their antibacterial activities at varying concentrations against medically significant pathogenic bacterial strains capable of causing gastroenteritis. The ethanolic extracts showed a better antibacterial potency with diameter of zones of inhibition ranged 1.0±0.33 to 9.33±0.63 (mm).Selected antibiotics of choice were tested against the test isolates and compared with the results of the extracts. The antibiotics had better activity compared to the extracts at the same concentration but relatively comparable at 100% increment of the concentrations of the extracts. Introduction Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death world wide (Parekh and Chanda, 2007). The clinical efficacy of many existing antibacterial is being threatened by emergence of multi drug resistance pathogen(Bandow et al;2003).The increasing failure of chemotherapeutic agents has led to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity comparable to some antibiotics (Scazzchio et al; 2001).Many plants are consumed as food without in-depth knowledge of their exact chemical composition and contribution to health, although their utilization has passed through several ancestral generations who probably realized from experience that those plant food materials are beneficial (Ghani et al; 1989). Traditional therapy involves the use of plant exacts or their active principles which may serve as a source of modern drugs and source of intermediate compounds for synthesizing analog drugs with more desirable properties (Akerele,1993).As a result of much folklore uses of the leaves of two Nigerian vegetables,Vernonia amygdalina being a stomach tonic and for treating gastrointestinal infections (Anonymous 2000) and Ocimum gratissimum to treat cough and diarrhea(Onajobi, 1986). In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in plant kingdom as a source of drug. There are several reports in the literature regarding the antibacterial activity of crude extracts prepared from these plants. The aim of this work was to prepare aqeous and ethanolic extracts of these plants and compare their antibacterial activities with selected antibiotics of choice in treating gastroenteritis. Materials And Methods PLANT MATERIALS: Leaves of V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum were collected from a farm within Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, Owo, Ondo- State, Nigeria.PREPARATION EXTRACTS: The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of the plants were prepared as described by Madunagu et al (2001). Leaves samples were thoroughly cleaned with sterile distilled water. 40g of ground pulp of each plants leaves were soaked in 200ml of sterile distilled water and ethanol (98%) for 72 hours. The extracts were filtered and evaporated under vacuum using rotary evaporator. The residues of the extracts were stored in bottles in refrigerator prior to use. TEST ORGANISMS: The test organisms employed in this study were medical isolates of Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysentriae, Salmlonella paratyphi and Eschericha coli. They were collected from microbiology unit of Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos State.MEDIA: Nutrient agar and broth were used for assaying the antibacterial activity. All were product of LABM, Laboratories England.ANTIBIOTICS OF CHOICE: Antibiotics used for this study were Metronidazole, Tetracycline, Chlorophenicol, Amoxylin, and Cloxycillin.DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITYThe antibacterial activity testing was done using agar well diffusion technique of Nair and Chanda (2005). Eight different concentrations of the crude ethanolic preparations were used for the test (10mg/ml, 15mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 25mg/ml, 30mg/ml, 40mg/ml, 45mg/ml, 50mg/ml, and 55mg/ml.) .The tests were repeated using the standard antibiotic of choice using the earlier mentioned method. The diameters of zones of inhibition were measured in millimet
机译：评估了杏仁核Vernonia和无花枸杞Ocimum gratissimum的水提取物和乙醇提取物在不同浓度下对能够引起胃肠炎的医学上重要的致病细菌菌株的抗菌活性。乙醇提取物表现出更好的抗菌效果，抑制区域的直径范围为1.0±0.33至9.33±0.63（mm）。针对所选分离物测试了所选抗生素，并将其与提取物的结果进行了比较。与相同浓度的提取物相比，抗生素具有更好的活性，但是在提取物浓度增加100％时相对可比。引言传染病是全世界死亡的主要原因（Parekh and Chanda，2007）。多种耐药性病原体的出现正威胁着许多现有抗菌素的临床疗效（Bandow et al; 2003）。化学治疗剂失效的增加已导致对几种药用植物的潜在抗菌活性的筛选与某些抗生素相当（ Scazzchio et al; 2001）。许多植物被当作食物食用，但没有深入了解其确切的化学组成和对健康的贡献，尽管它们的利用已经经历了几代祖先，他们可能从经验中意识到这些植物食物材料是有益的（ Ghani等; 1989）。传统疗法涉及使用植物确切成分或其有效成分，这些成分可以用作现代药物的来源和中间体化合物的来源，以合成具有更理想特性的类似药物（Akerele，1993）。两种尼日利亚蔬菜，Vernonia amygdalina是一种补胃药，可用于治疗胃肠道感染（匿名，2000年）; Otismum gratissimum可治疗咳嗽和腹泻（Onajobi，1986年）。近年来，对植物界作为药物来源的兴趣重新兴起。关于从这些植物制备的粗提取物的抗菌活性，文献中有几篇报道。这项工作的目的是制备这些植物的水提取物和乙醇提取物，并将它们的抗菌活性与治疗胃肠炎的精选抗生素进行比较。材料和方法植物材料：扁桃酸枝菌和紫草的叶片是从尼日利亚翁多州Owo的Rufus Giwa Polytechnic的一个农场收集的。提取物：按如下方法制备植物叶片的水和乙醇提取物Madunagu等人（2001）的描述。叶子样品用无菌蒸馏水彻底清洗。将每种植物叶片的40g研磨纸浆在200ml无菌蒸馏水和乙醇（98％）中浸泡72小时。将提取物过滤并使用旋转蒸发仪在真空下蒸发。提取物的残留物在使用前应先保存在冰箱的瓶中。测试有机体：本研究中使用的测试有机体是蜡状芽孢杆菌，金黄色葡萄球菌，痢疾志贺氏菌，副伤寒沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的医学分离株。它们是从拉各斯州亚巴市尼日利亚医学研究所的微生物学部门收集的。介质：营养琼脂和肉汤用于测定抗菌活性。抗生素的选择：本研究中使用的抗生素为甲硝唑，四环素，大黄酚，阿莫西林和氯氧西林。抗菌活性的测定采用Nair和Chanda的琼脂孔扩散技术进行抗菌活性测试（2005年）。 ）。八种不同浓度的粗制乙醇制剂用于测试（10mg / ml，15mg / ml，20mg / ml，25mg / ml，30mg / ml，40mg / ml，45mg / ml，50mg / ml和55mg / ml ）。使用较早提到的方法，使用所选的标准抗生素重复测试。抑制区域的直径以毫米为单位

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