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首页> 外文期刊>The Internet journal of veterinary medicine >Ovarian and endocrine changes during oestrus and early pregnancy in Arabian mares
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Ovarian and endocrine changes during oestrus and early pregnancy in Arabian mares

机译：阿拉伯母马发情和早孕期间的卵巢和内分泌变化

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Faecal and plasma steroid evaluations are well established approaches for monitoring reproductive function in mares. The purpose of this study was to detect the ovarian and uterine changes by transrectal ultrasonographic scanning, beside the estimation of progesterone and estradiol-17β profiles in plasma and faecal samples of Arabian mares. Eight cyclic barren mares of different parities were used in the current work, and hormones were assayed using radioimmunoassay. The continuous significant increase in the follicular size starting from day–7 until reaching its largest size at 0-day of ovulation was accompanied by a continuous significant (P<0.05) decrease and increase in the profile of plasma progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17β (E1-17β), respectively. In addition, the minimum level of P4, and the maximum level of E1-17β were detected at 0-day of ovulation. Similarly, the faecal progesterone metabolites (20∝-hydroxy-progesterone; i.e. 20∝-G) content showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in its value starting from day –7 reaching its minimum level at second day post ovulation, meanwhile, the faecal E1-17β content was reaching its maximum value on day 1 after ovulation. Following ovulation, the plasma P4 and E1-17β content showed a continuous significant (P<0.05) increase, and the faecal levels of both 20∝-G and E1-17β showed a continuous significant decrease. Meanwhile, the levels of P4 in plasma and 20∝-G in faecal samples increased starting from the 3rd day post ovulation, and E1-17β decreased starting from the 2nd day post ovulation. The levels of P4 in plasma and 20∝-G in faeces increased significantly (P<0.05) at days 14 up to 45 of gestation than those recorded during ovulation in non-pregnant mares. Moreover, the levels of E1-17β in plasma and faeces increased significantly (P<0.05) at days 21 up to 45 of gestation than those estimated during 14th day of gestation as well as in non-pregnant mares. In conclusion, both ultrasonography and analysis of P4 and E1-17β in plasma, and 20∝-G and E1-17β in faeces have a predictive value for assessment of the follicular sizes, ovulation time and early pregnancy in Arabian mares. Introduction Determination of the reproductive status is one of the most important factors for effective management and efforts to use assisted reproductive techniques depend on the knowledge of the basic reproductive physiology of a given species (Schwarzenberger et al., 1996). Several studies had been made to determine ovulation time in mares including the clinical and ultrasonographical examinations (Townson and Ginther, 1987; Sevinga et al., 1999; Abou El-Roos and El-Maghraby, 2000 and Watson et al., 2000). Ovulation was also predicated in oestrus mares by serial measurements of peripheral estrogen and progesterone concentrations (Barkhuff et al., 1993). The maximum diameter of the follicle in mare was determined by detection of conjugated estrogens in blood (Koskinen et al., 1990); also, they estimated serum progesterone before ovulation. Meanwhile, Naber et al. (1999) detected the blood steroids of pregnants (early and late gestation) in Arabian mares.The growth of the dominant follicle was associated with certain intra-follicular E1-17β and P4 levels in mares (Gerard et al., 1999). Meanwhile, ovarian activity of cyclic mares was monitored by measurement of P4 and E1-17β in plasma (Watson et al., 2000) and in follicular fluids (Bogh et al., 2000) in transitional mares. The ovarian endocrine activity in the mare can be evaluated through the use of faecal steroids or their metabolities (Barkhuff et al., 1993). Estrogens are end products of steroid metabolism and, therefore, the compounds in plasma and faeces are similar (Schwarzenberger et al., 1996). Meanwhile, the faecal estrogens in relation to reproductive status in mare were demonstrated by Bamberg et al. (1984); they were also demonstrated in cows (Mostle et al., 1984), in buffaloes (Ismail et al., 1987), and also in primates (Heisterman et al.
机译：粪便和血浆类固醇评估是监测母马生殖功能的公认方法。这项研究的目的是通过直肠超声检查来检测卵巢和子宫的变化，以及估计阿拉伯母马血浆和粪便中的孕酮和雌二醇-17β分布。在目前的工作中使用了八只不同胎次的环状贫瘠母马，并使用放射免疫测定法测定了激素。从排卵第7天开始直至卵排卵第0天达到最大卵泡大小为止，卵泡大小持续显着增加，同时血浆黄体酮（P4）和雌二醇水平持续显着（P <0.05）降低和增加。分别为17β（E1-17β）。另外，在排卵0天时检测到最低水平的P4和最高水平的E1-17β。同样，粪便中的孕酮代谢产物（20∝-羟基孕酮;即20∝-G）含量从第7天开始显着下降（P <0.05），在排卵后第二天达到最低水平，与此同时，排卵后第1天粪便E1-17β含量达到最大值。排卵后，血浆P4和E1-17β含量持续显着（P <0.05）升高，而20∝-G和E1-17β的粪便水平均持续显着降低。同时，从排卵后第3天开始血浆中P4水平和粪便样品中20 -G水平升高，从排卵后第2天开始E1-17β水平下降。与未妊娠母猪排卵期间记录的相比，在妊娠第14天至45天血浆中P4和粪便中20-G的水平显着增加（P <0.05）。此外，在妊娠第21天至妊娠45天，血浆和粪便中E1-17β的水平显着增加（P <0.05），高于在妊娠第14天以及未怀孕母马中估计的水平。总之，超声和血浆中P4和E1-17β以及粪便中20∝-G和E1-17β的分析对于评估阿拉伯母马的卵泡大小，排卵时间和早期妊娠具有预测价值。简介生殖状态的确定是有效管理的最重要因素之一，使用辅助生殖技术的努力取决于对给定物种的基本生殖生理的了解（Schwarzenberger等，1996）。已经进行了一些确定母马排卵时间的研究，包括临床检查和超声检查（Townson和Ginther，1987; Sevinga等，1999; Abou El-Roos和El-Maghraby，2000; Watson等，2000）。通过对周围雌激素和孕酮浓度的连续测量，也可以预测发情母马的排卵情况（Barkhuff等，1993）。通过检测血液中结合的雌激素来确定母马卵泡的最大直径（Koskinen等，1990）。他们还估计了排卵前的血清孕酮。同时，Naber等。 （1999年）在阿拉伯母马中检测到孕妇的血甾体（妊娠早期和晚期）。优势卵泡的生长与母马中某些卵泡内E1-17β和P4的水平有关（Gerard等，1999）。同时，通过测量过渡母马血浆（Watson等人，2000年）和卵泡液（Bogh等人，2000年）中的P4和E1-17β来监测环状母马的卵巢活动。可以通过使用粪便类固醇或其代谢物来评估母马的卵巢内分泌活性（Barkhuff等，1993）。雌激素是类固醇代谢的最终产物，因此血浆和粪便中的化合物相似（Schwarzenberger等，1996）。同时，班贝格等人证明了与母马生殖状况有关的粪便雌激素。 （1984）;它们在牛（Mostle等，1984），水牛（Ismail等，1987）和灵长类动物（Heisterman等，1984）中也得到了证实。

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